Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) signaling has been studied in the eye, including in the pathophysiology of some eye diseases. While NO production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the eye has been characterized, the more recently described pathways of NO generation by nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite...

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Autores principales:	Ji Won Park, Barbora Piknova, Audrey Jenkins, David Hellinga, Leonard M. Parver, Alan N. Schechter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb8fa08fe96a4ad3b15f0f7cf0166ef2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb8fa08fe96a4ad3b15f0f7cf0166ef22021-12-02T16:34:04ZPotential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye10.1038/s41598-020-69272-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/eb8fa08fe96a4ad3b15f0f7cf0166ef22020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69272-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) signaling has been studied in the eye, including in the pathophysiology of some eye diseases. While NO production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the eye has been characterized, the more recently described pathways of NO generation by nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) ions reduction has received much less attention. To elucidate the potential roles of these pathways, we analyzed nitrate and nitrite levels in components of the eye and lacrimal glands, primarily in porcine samples. Nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in cornea than in other eye parts, while lens contained the least amounts. Lacrimal glands exhibited much higher levels of both ions compared to other organs, such as liver and skeletal muscle, and even to salivary glands which are known to concentrate these ions. Western blotting showed expression of sialin, a known nitrate transporter, in the lacrimal glands and other eye components, and also xanthine oxidoreductase, a nitrate and nitrite reductase, in cornea and sclera. Cornea and sclera homogenates possessed a measurable amount of nitrate reduction activity. These results suggest that nitrate ions are concentrated in the lacrimal glands by sialin and can be secreted into eye components via tears and then reduced to nitrite and NO, thereby being an important source of NO in the eye.Ji Won ParkBarbora PiknovaAudrey JenkinsDavid HellingaLeonard M. ParverAlan N. SchechterNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ji Won Park Barbora Piknova Audrey Jenkins David Hellinga Leonard M. Parver Alan N. Schechter Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
description	Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) signaling has been studied in the eye, including in the pathophysiology of some eye diseases. While NO production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes in the eye has been characterized, the more recently described pathways of NO generation by nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) ions reduction has received much less attention. To elucidate the potential roles of these pathways, we analyzed nitrate and nitrite levels in components of the eye and lacrimal glands, primarily in porcine samples. Nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in cornea than in other eye parts, while lens contained the least amounts. Lacrimal glands exhibited much higher levels of both ions compared to other organs, such as liver and skeletal muscle, and even to salivary glands which are known to concentrate these ions. Western blotting showed expression of sialin, a known nitrate transporter, in the lacrimal glands and other eye components, and also xanthine oxidoreductase, a nitrate and nitrite reductase, in cornea and sclera. Cornea and sclera homogenates possessed a measurable amount of nitrate reduction activity. These results suggest that nitrate ions are concentrated in the lacrimal glands by sialin and can be secreted into eye components via tears and then reduced to nitrite and NO, thereby being an important source of NO in the eye.
format	article
author	Ji Won Park Barbora Piknova Audrey Jenkins David Hellinga Leonard M. Parver Alan N. Schechter
author_facet	Ji Won Park Barbora Piknova Audrey Jenkins David Hellinga Leonard M. Parver Alan N. Schechter
author_sort	Ji Won Park
title	Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
title_short	Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
title_full	Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
title_fullStr	Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
title_full_unstemmed	Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
title_sort	potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb8fa08fe96a4ad3b15f0f7cf0166ef2
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Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye

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