Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination

Procrastination involves an irrational putting off of engaging in a course of action, in spite of expecting to be worse off for the delay. I suggest that to understand the processes underlying procrastination one should examine its relation to several behavioral procedures that have been studied in...

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Autor principal:	Thomas R. Zentall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	procrastination delay discounting delay reduction theory Sidman avoidance negative reinforcement Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb967b09bb584a62b8018b40d586422c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb967b09bb584a62b8018b40d586422c2021-11-30T11:39:34ZBasic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.769928https://doaj.org/article/eb967b09bb584a62b8018b40d586422c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769928/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Procrastination involves an irrational putting off of engaging in a course of action, in spite of expecting to be worse off for the delay. I suggest that to understand the processes underlying procrastination one should examine its relation to several behavioral procedures that have been studied in humans and other animals. For example, in delay discounting, smaller rewards that come sooner are often preferred over larger rewards that come later. In the context of delay discounting, procrastination can be viewed as the preference for an immediate competing activity over the delay to work on a required task. Another process similar to procrastination can be seen in free operant, temporal avoidance (or Sidman avoidance) in which an animal will receive a shock (a deadline not met) if an interval passes without a specified response (task completion). Once animals learn about the interval, they often procrastinate by waiting until the interval has almost passed before responding. Finally, research with animals suggests that the persistence of procrastination may involve a form of negative reinforcement associated with the sudden decline in anxiety or fear (relief) when the task is completed prior to the deadline. Research with animals suggests that the mechanisms responsible for human procrastination may involve systems that derive from several procedures known to produce similar behavior animals.Thomas R. ZentallFrontiers Media S.A.articleprocrastinationdelay discountingdelay reduction theorySidman avoidancenegative reinforcementPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	procrastination delay discounting delay reduction theory Sidman avoidance negative reinforcement Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	procrastination delay discounting delay reduction theory Sidman avoidance negative reinforcement Psychology BF1-990 Thomas R. Zentall Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
description	Procrastination involves an irrational putting off of engaging in a course of action, in spite of expecting to be worse off for the delay. I suggest that to understand the processes underlying procrastination one should examine its relation to several behavioral procedures that have been studied in humans and other animals. For example, in delay discounting, smaller rewards that come sooner are often preferred over larger rewards that come later. In the context of delay discounting, procrastination can be viewed as the preference for an immediate competing activity over the delay to work on a required task. Another process similar to procrastination can be seen in free operant, temporal avoidance (or Sidman avoidance) in which an animal will receive a shock (a deadline not met) if an interval passes without a specified response (task completion). Once animals learn about the interval, they often procrastinate by waiting until the interval has almost passed before responding. Finally, research with animals suggests that the persistence of procrastination may involve a form of negative reinforcement associated with the sudden decline in anxiety or fear (relief) when the task is completed prior to the deadline. Research with animals suggests that the mechanisms responsible for human procrastination may involve systems that derive from several procedures known to produce similar behavior animals.
format	article
author	Thomas R. Zentall
author_facet	Thomas R. Zentall
author_sort	Thomas R. Zentall
title	Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
title_short	Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
title_full	Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
title_fullStr	Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
title_full_unstemmed	Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination
title_sort	basic behavioral processes involved in procrastination
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb967b09bb584a62b8018b40d586422c
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasrzentall basicbehavioralprocessesinvolvedinprocrastination
_version_	1718406658994995200

Basic Behavioral Processes Involved in Procrastination

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