Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal

This study evaluated the long-term effects of a single application of different biochar types and quantities in combination with cow manure and annual inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and grain yield under millet monocropping and millet–peanut rotation in sandy soils of the peanut basin of Se...

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Autores principales:	Aliou Faye, Zachary P. Stewart, Khady Diome, Calys-Tagoe Edward, Dioumacor Fall, Désiré Komla Kyky Ganyo, Tobi Moriaque Akplo, P. V. Vara Prasad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biochar cropping system fertilizer use efficiency groundnut manure millet Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb998cafef014c3590a52ec00d06c681
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb998cafef014c3590a52ec00d06c6812021-11-11T19:31:10ZSingle Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal10.3390/su1321118172071-1050https://doaj.org/article/eb998cafef014c3590a52ec00d06c6812021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11817https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050This study evaluated the long-term effects of a single application of different biochar types and quantities in combination with cow manure and annual inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and grain yield under millet monocropping and millet–peanut rotation in sandy soils of the peanut basin of Senegal. Results of over six years showed that a single application of 5–10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar (rice husk or <i>Typha australis</i>) and/or manure significantly increased soil pH (from 5.5 to 6.3) and total C (from 1.84% to an average of 2.69%). Soil available P increased due to all treatments. These improved soil properties were maintained for at least eight years following a single application of 5–10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar and/or manure. There was limited or slightly negative effects of biochar application on soil N and total soil microbial activity. Applications of either one-third or half of national recommended NPK rate, in combination with a single application of biochar or cow manure, increased millet grain yield up to four to five times (i.e., 100 to 450 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), which was equivalent to the yield of treatments receiving the full national recommended fertilizer rate. Limited improvement was observed on peanut yield. This research clearly shows the synergistic benefits of applying single low rates of organic materials in combination with annual low levels of inorganic fertilizer. Treatments receiving the national recommended inorganic fertilizer rates (150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> NPK 15-15-15 and 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of urea four weeks after planting) did not produce more than 400 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. Biochar application alone did not increase millet yields. With a recommended biochar application rate of 5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, we calculate that Senegal has enough biomass available for biochar to cover all of its cropland every 4.4 to 5.5 years. Of particular importance, the 0.85% increase in stable total C has the potential to sequester 27.2 tons C ha<sup>−1</sup> and if scaled across Senegal’s 1.6–2.0 million ha of peanut and millet cropland, this practice could sequester 43.52 to 54.4 million tons of C having mutual benefits on crop productivity and climate change mitigation.Aliou FayeZachary P. StewartKhady DiomeCalys-Tagoe EdwardDioumacor FallDésiré Komla Kyky GanyoTobi Moriaque AkploP. V. Vara PrasadMDPI AGarticlebiocharcropping systemfertilizer use efficiencygroundnutmanuremilletEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11817, p 11817 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biochar cropping system fertilizer use efficiency groundnut manure millet Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	biochar cropping system fertilizer use efficiency groundnut manure millet Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Aliou Faye Zachary P. Stewart Khady Diome Calys-Tagoe Edward Dioumacor Fall Désiré Komla Kyky Ganyo Tobi Moriaque Akplo P. V. Vara Prasad Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
description	This study evaluated the long-term effects of a single application of different biochar types and quantities in combination with cow manure and annual inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and grain yield under millet monocropping and millet–peanut rotation in sandy soils of the peanut basin of Senegal. Results of over six years showed that a single application of 5–10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar (rice husk or <i>Typha australis</i>) and/or manure significantly increased soil pH (from 5.5 to 6.3) and total C (from 1.84% to an average of 2.69%). Soil available P increased due to all treatments. These improved soil properties were maintained for at least eight years following a single application of 5–10 t ha<sup>−1</sup> biochar and/or manure. There was limited or slightly negative effects of biochar application on soil N and total soil microbial activity. Applications of either one-third or half of national recommended NPK rate, in combination with a single application of biochar or cow manure, increased millet grain yield up to four to five times (i.e., 100 to 450 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), which was equivalent to the yield of treatments receiving the full national recommended fertilizer rate. Limited improvement was observed on peanut yield. This research clearly shows the synergistic benefits of applying single low rates of organic materials in combination with annual low levels of inorganic fertilizer. Treatments receiving the national recommended inorganic fertilizer rates (150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> NPK 15-15-15 and 100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> of urea four weeks after planting) did not produce more than 400 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>. Biochar application alone did not increase millet yields. With a recommended biochar application rate of 5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, we calculate that Senegal has enough biomass available for biochar to cover all of its cropland every 4.4 to 5.5 years. Of particular importance, the 0.85% increase in stable total C has the potential to sequester 27.2 tons C ha<sup>−1</sup> and if scaled across Senegal’s 1.6–2.0 million ha of peanut and millet cropland, this practice could sequester 43.52 to 54.4 million tons of C having mutual benefits on crop productivity and climate change mitigation.
format	article
author	Aliou Faye Zachary P. Stewart Khady Diome Calys-Tagoe Edward Dioumacor Fall Désiré Komla Kyky Ganyo Tobi Moriaque Akplo P. V. Vara Prasad
author_facet	Aliou Faye Zachary P. Stewart Khady Diome Calys-Tagoe Edward Dioumacor Fall Désiré Komla Kyky Ganyo Tobi Moriaque Akplo P. V. Vara Prasad
author_sort	Aliou Faye
title	Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
title_short	Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
title_full	Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
title_fullStr	Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
title_full_unstemmed	Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal
title_sort	single application of biochar increases fertilizer efficiency, c sequestration, and ph over the long-term in sandy soils of senegal
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb998cafef014c3590a52ec00d06c681
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Single Application of Biochar Increases Fertilizer Efficiency, C Sequestration, and pH over the Long-Term in Sandy Soils of Senegal

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