Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate

Abstract Ligament failure is a major societal burden causing disability and pain. Failure is caused by trauma at high loading rates. At the macroscopic level increasing strain rates cause an increase in failure stress and modulus, but the mechanism for this strain rate dependency is not known. Here...

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Autores principales:	Angelo Karunaratne, Simin Li, Anthony M. J. Bull
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eb9b490e520641359c2252f872d021ac
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eb9b490e520641359c2252f872d021ac2021-12-02T15:07:56ZNano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate10.1038/s41598-018-21786-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/eb9b490e520641359c2252f872d021ac2018-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21786-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ligament failure is a major societal burden causing disability and pain. Failure is caused by trauma at high loading rates. At the macroscopic level increasing strain rates cause an increase in failure stress and modulus, but the mechanism for this strain rate dependency is not known. Here we investigate the nano scale mechanical property changes of human ligament using mechanical testing combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With increasing strain rate, we observe a significant increase in fibril modulus and a reduction of fibril to tissue strain ratio, revealing that tissue-level stiffening is mainly due to the stiffening of collagen fibrils. Further, we show that the reduction in fibril deformation at higher strain rates is due to reduced molecular strain and fibrillar gaps, and is associated with rapid disruption of matrix-fibril bonding. This reduction in number of interfibrillar cross-links explains the changes in fibril strain; this is verified through computational modelling.Angelo KarunaratneSimin LiAnthony M. J. BullNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Angelo Karunaratne Simin Li Anthony M. J. Bull Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
description	Abstract Ligament failure is a major societal burden causing disability and pain. Failure is caused by trauma at high loading rates. At the macroscopic level increasing strain rates cause an increase in failure stress and modulus, but the mechanism for this strain rate dependency is not known. Here we investigate the nano scale mechanical property changes of human ligament using mechanical testing combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With increasing strain rate, we observe a significant increase in fibril modulus and a reduction of fibril to tissue strain ratio, revealing that tissue-level stiffening is mainly due to the stiffening of collagen fibrils. Further, we show that the reduction in fibril deformation at higher strain rates is due to reduced molecular strain and fibrillar gaps, and is associated with rapid disruption of matrix-fibril bonding. This reduction in number of interfibrillar cross-links explains the changes in fibril strain; this is verified through computational modelling.
format	article
author	Angelo Karunaratne Simin Li Anthony M. J. Bull
author_facet	Angelo Karunaratne Simin Li Anthony M. J. Bull
author_sort	Angelo Karunaratne
title	Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
title_short	Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
title_full	Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
title_fullStr	Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
title_full_unstemmed	Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
title_sort	nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/eb9b490e520641359c2252f872d021ac
work_keys_str_mv	AT angelokarunaratne nanoscalemechanismsexplainthestiffeningandstrengtheningofligamenttissuewithincreasingstrainrate AT siminli nanoscalemechanismsexplainthestiffeningandstrengtheningofligamenttissuewithincreasingstrainrate AT anthonymjbull nanoscalemechanismsexplainthestiffeningandstrengtheningofligamenttissuewithincreasingstrainrate
_version_	1718388355769565184

Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate

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