Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling

Wenwen Liu,1–3 Penglei S Su,2 Arthur Gonzales III,3 Su C Chen,1 Na Wang,1 Jinshu Wang,2 Hongyi Li,2,4 Zhenting Zhang,1Thomas J Webster3,51Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital M...

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Autores principales:	Liu W, Su P, Gonzales III A, Chen S, Wang N, Wang J, Li H, Zhang Z, Webster TJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ebc172ec88f34b68a95177570e55de16
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ebc172ec88f34b68a95177570e55de162021-12-02T06:47:07ZOptimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/ebc172ec88f34b68a95177570e55de162015-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/optimizing-stem-cell-functions-and-antibacterial-properties-of-tio2-na-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013 Wenwen Liu,1–3 Penglei S Su,2 Arthur Gonzales III,3 Su C Chen,1 Na Wang,1 Jinshu Wang,2 Hongyi Li,2,4 Zhenting Zhang,1Thomas J Webster3,51Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 2Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; 4Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Nanning, People’s Republic of China; 5Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: To optimize mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and antibacterial properties of titanium (Ti), nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with tunable concentrations were incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) using a facile hydrothermal strategy. It is revealed here for the first time that the TNTs incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited better biocompatibility compared with pure Ti samples (controls) and that the amount of ZnO (tailored by the concentration of Zn(NO3)2 in the precursor) introduced into TNTs played a crucial role on their osteogenic properties. Not only was the alkaline phosphatase activity improved to about 13.8 U/g protein, but the osterix, collagen-I, and osteocalcin gene expressions was improved from mesenchymal stem cells compared to controls. To further explore the mechanism of TNTs decorated with ZnO on cell functions, a response surface mathematical model was used to optimize the concentration of ZnO incorporation into the Ti nanotubes for stem cell differentiation and antibacterial properties for the first time. Both experimental and modeling results confirmed (R2 values of 0.8873–0.9138 and 0.9596–0.9941, respectively) that Ti incorporated with appropriate concentrations (with an initial concentration of Zn(NO3)2 at 0.015 M) of ZnO can provide exceptional osteogenic properties for stem cell differentiation in bone cells with strong antibacterial effects, properties important for improving dental and orthopedic implant efficacy.Keywords: titanium nanotubes, ZnO nanoparticles, mesenchymal stem cells, antibacterial effect, modelingLiu WSu PGonzales III AChen SWang NWang JLi HZhang ZWebster TJDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 1997-2019 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Liu W Su P Gonzales III A Chen S Wang N Wang J Li H Zhang Z Webster TJ Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
description	Wenwen Liu,1–3 Penglei S Su,2 Arthur Gonzales III,3 Su C Chen,1 Na Wang,1 Jinshu Wang,2 Hongyi Li,2,4 Zhenting Zhang,1Thomas J Webster3,51Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, 2Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; 4Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Nanning, People’s Republic of China; 5Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: To optimize mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and antibacterial properties of titanium (Ti), nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with tunable concentrations were incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) using a facile hydrothermal strategy. It is revealed here for the first time that the TNTs incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited better biocompatibility compared with pure Ti samples (controls) and that the amount of ZnO (tailored by the concentration of Zn(NO3)2 in the precursor) introduced into TNTs played a crucial role on their osteogenic properties. Not only was the alkaline phosphatase activity improved to about 13.8 U/g protein, but the osterix, collagen-I, and osteocalcin gene expressions was improved from mesenchymal stem cells compared to controls. To further explore the mechanism of TNTs decorated with ZnO on cell functions, a response surface mathematical model was used to optimize the concentration of ZnO incorporation into the Ti nanotubes for stem cell differentiation and antibacterial properties for the first time. Both experimental and modeling results confirmed (R2 values of 0.8873–0.9138 and 0.9596–0.9941, respectively) that Ti incorporated with appropriate concentrations (with an initial concentration of Zn(NO3)2 at 0.015 M) of ZnO can provide exceptional osteogenic properties for stem cell differentiation in bone cells with strong antibacterial effects, properties important for improving dental and orthopedic implant efficacy.Keywords: titanium nanotubes, ZnO nanoparticles, mesenchymal stem cells, antibacterial effect, modeling
format	article
author	Liu W Su P Gonzales III A Chen S Wang N Wang J Li H Zhang Z Webster TJ
author_facet	Liu W Su P Gonzales III A Chen S Wang N Wang J Li H Zhang Z Webster TJ
author_sort	Liu W
title	Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
title_short	Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
title_full	Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
title_fullStr	Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
title_full_unstemmed	Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
title_sort	optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of tio2 nanotubes incorporated with zno nanoparticles: experiments and modeling
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/ebc172ec88f34b68a95177570e55de16
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_version_	1718399787250745344

Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling

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