Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>

ABSTRACT We investigated the interaction between Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus (SSV9) and its native archaeal host Sulfolobus islandicus. We show that upon exposure to SSV9, S. islandicus strain RJW002 has a significant growth delay where the majority of cells are dormant (viable but not growing)...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Maria A. Bautista, Changyi Zhang, Rachel J. Whitaker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ebdf398c1f814689a7292207be210148
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:ebdf398c1f814689a7292207be210148
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ebdf398c1f814689a7292207be2101482021-11-15T15:41:34ZVirus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>10.1128/mBio.02565-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/ebdf398c1f814689a7292207be2101482015-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02565-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT We investigated the interaction between Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus (SSV9) and its native archaeal host Sulfolobus islandicus. We show that upon exposure to SSV9, S. islandicus strain RJW002 has a significant growth delay where the majority of cells are dormant (viable but not growing) for 24 to 48 hours postinfection (hpi) compared to the growth of controls without virus. We demonstrate that in this system, dormancy (i) is induced by both active and inactive virus particles at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), (ii) is reversible in strains with active CRISPR-Cas immunity that prevents the establishment of productive infections, and (iii) results in dramatic and rapid host death if virus persists in the culture even at low levels. Our results add a new dimension to evolutionary models of virus-host interactions, showing that the mere presence of a virus induces host cell stasis and death independent of infection. This novel, highly sensitive, and risky bet-hedging antiviral response must be integrated into models of virus-host interactions in this system so that the true ecological impact of viruses can be predicted and understood. IMPORTANCE Viruses of microbes play key roles in microbial ecology; however, our understanding of viral impact on host physiology is based on a few model bacteria that represent a small fraction of the life history strategies employed by hosts or viruses across the three domains that encompass the microbial world. We have demonstrated that rare and even inactive viruses induce dormancy in the model archaeon S. islandicus. Similar virus-induced dormancy strategies in other microbial systems may help to explain several confounding observations in other systems, including the surprising abundance of dormant cell types found in many microbial environments, the difficulty of culturing microorganisms in the laboratory, and the paradoxical virus-to-host abundances that do not match model predictions. A more accurate grasp of virus-host interactions will expand our understanding of the impact of viruses in microbial ecology.Maria A. BautistaChangyi ZhangRachel J. WhitakerAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 2 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Maria A. Bautista Changyi Zhang Rachel J. Whitaker Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT We investigated the interaction between Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus (SSV9) and its native archaeal host Sulfolobus islandicus. We show that upon exposure to SSV9, S. islandicus strain RJW002 has a significant growth delay where the majority of cells are dormant (viable but not growing) for 24 to 48 hours postinfection (hpi) compared to the growth of controls without virus. We demonstrate that in this system, dormancy (i) is induced by both active and inactive virus particles at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), (ii) is reversible in strains with active CRISPR-Cas immunity that prevents the establishment of productive infections, and (iii) results in dramatic and rapid host death if virus persists in the culture even at low levels. Our results add a new dimension to evolutionary models of virus-host interactions, showing that the mere presence of a virus induces host cell stasis and death independent of infection. This novel, highly sensitive, and risky bet-hedging antiviral response must be integrated into models of virus-host interactions in this system so that the true ecological impact of viruses can be predicted and understood. IMPORTANCE Viruses of microbes play key roles in microbial ecology; however, our understanding of viral impact on host physiology is based on a few model bacteria that represent a small fraction of the life history strategies employed by hosts or viruses across the three domains that encompass the microbial world. We have demonstrated that rare and even inactive viruses induce dormancy in the model archaeon S. islandicus. Similar virus-induced dormancy strategies in other microbial systems may help to explain several confounding observations in other systems, including the surprising abundance of dormant cell types found in many microbial environments, the difficulty of culturing microorganisms in the laboratory, and the paradoxical virus-to-host abundances that do not match model predictions. A more accurate grasp of virus-host interactions will expand our understanding of the impact of viruses in microbial ecology.
format	article
author	Maria A. Bautista Changyi Zhang Rachel J. Whitaker
author_facet	Maria A. Bautista Changyi Zhang Rachel J. Whitaker
author_sort	Maria A. Bautista
title	Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
title_short	Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
title_full	Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
title_fullStr	Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
title_sort	virus-induced dormancy in the archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/ebdf398c1f814689a7292207be210148
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariaabautista virusinduceddormancyinthearchaeonnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciessulfolobusislandicusnamedcontent AT changyizhang virusinduceddormancyinthearchaeonnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciessulfolobusislandicusnamedcontent AT racheljwhitaker virusinduceddormancyinthearchaeonnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciessulfolobusislandicusnamedcontent
_version_	1718427679612469248

Virus-Induced Dormancy in the Archaeon <named-content content-type="genus-species">Sulfolobus islandicus</named-content>

Ejemplares similares