Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives

Ultrasound has been established as a baseline imaging technique for thyroid nodules. The main advantage of adding CEUS is the ability to assess the sequence and intensity of vascular perfusion and hemodynamics in the thyroid nodule, thus providing real-time characterization of nodule features, consi...

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Autores principales:	Maija Radzina, Madara Ratniece, Davis Simanis Putrins, Laura Saule, Vito Cantisani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) thyroid nodules thyroid cancer papillary thyroid cancer follicular thyroid cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ebe3278426184585861cd93a00d7ae3f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ebe3278426184585861cd93a00d7ae3f2021-11-11T15:33:35ZPerformance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives10.3390/cancers132154692072-6694https://doaj.org/article/ebe3278426184585861cd93a00d7ae3f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5469https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Ultrasound has been established as a baseline imaging technique for thyroid nodules. The main advantage of adding CEUS is the ability to assess the sequence and intensity of vascular perfusion and hemodynamics in the thyroid nodule, thus providing real-time characterization of nodule features, considered a valuable new approach in the determination of benign vs. malignant nodules. Original studies, reviews and six meta-analyses were included in this article. A total of 624 studies were retrieved, and 107 were included in the study. As recognized for thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification by US, for acceptable accuracy in malignancy a combination of several CEUS parameters should be applied: hypo-enhancement, heterogeneous, peripheral irregular enhancement in combination with internal enhancement patterns, and slow wash-in and wash-out curve lower than in normal thyroid tissue. In contrast, homogeneous, intense enhancement with smooth rim enhancement and “fast-in and slow-out” are indicative of the benignity of the thyroid nodule. Even though overlapping features require standardization, with further research, CEUS may achieve reliable performance in detecting or excluding thyroid cancer. It can also play an operative role in guiding ablation procedures of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and metastatic lymph nodes, and providing accurate follow-up imaging to assess treatment efficacy.Maija RadzinaMadara RatnieceDavis Simanis PutrinsLaura SauleVito CantisaniMDPI AGarticlecontrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)thyroid nodulesthyroid cancerpapillary thyroid cancerfollicular thyroid cancerNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5469, p 5469 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) thyroid nodules thyroid cancer papillary thyroid cancer follicular thyroid cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) thyroid nodules thyroid cancer papillary thyroid cancer follicular thyroid cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Maija Radzina Madara Ratniece Davis Simanis Putrins Laura Saule Vito Cantisani Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
description	Ultrasound has been established as a baseline imaging technique for thyroid nodules. The main advantage of adding CEUS is the ability to assess the sequence and intensity of vascular perfusion and hemodynamics in the thyroid nodule, thus providing real-time characterization of nodule features, considered a valuable new approach in the determination of benign vs. malignant nodules. Original studies, reviews and six meta-analyses were included in this article. A total of 624 studies were retrieved, and 107 were included in the study. As recognized for thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification by US, for acceptable accuracy in malignancy a combination of several CEUS parameters should be applied: hypo-enhancement, heterogeneous, peripheral irregular enhancement in combination with internal enhancement patterns, and slow wash-in and wash-out curve lower than in normal thyroid tissue. In contrast, homogeneous, intense enhancement with smooth rim enhancement and “fast-in and slow-out” are indicative of the benignity of the thyroid nodule. Even though overlapping features require standardization, with further research, CEUS may achieve reliable performance in detecting or excluding thyroid cancer. It can also play an operative role in guiding ablation procedures of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and metastatic lymph nodes, and providing accurate follow-up imaging to assess treatment efficacy.
format	article
author	Maija Radzina Madara Ratniece Davis Simanis Putrins Laura Saule Vito Cantisani
author_facet	Maija Radzina Madara Ratniece Davis Simanis Putrins Laura Saule Vito Cantisani
author_sort	Maija Radzina
title	Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
title_short	Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
title_full	Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr	Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives
title_sort	performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in thyroid nodules: review of current state and future perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ebe3278426184585861cd93a00d7ae3f
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Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives

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