Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth

Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for plants, whose deficiency in alkaline soils creates hurdles in the achievement of optimum crop growth. Moreover, overuse of phosphorus (P) fertilizers often causes Zn immobilization in the soil. The employment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be...

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Autores principales:	Abdul Saboor, Muhammad Arif Ali, Shabir Husain, Muhammad Saeed Tahir, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Bilal, Khurram Shehzad Baig, Rahul Datta, Niaz Ahmed, Subhan Danish, Bernard R. Glick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phosphorus zinc mycorrhizae optimization application rates maize Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ebe8f31207cf4f83bb446f12298d4950
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ebe8f31207cf4f83bb446f12298d49502021-11-25T16:11:35ZRegulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth10.3390/agronomy111123222073-4395https://doaj.org/article/ebe8f31207cf4f83bb446f12298d49502021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2322https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for plants, whose deficiency in alkaline soils creates hurdles in the achievement of optimum crop growth. Moreover, overuse of phosphorus (P) fertilizers often causes Zn immobilization in the soil. The employment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be potentially environmentally friendly technology in this regard. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the beneficial role of AMF (<i>Glomus</i> species) on maize under low and high P and Zn levels. Seven levels of Zn (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O) and three levels of P (0, 14.5, 29 and 58 kg ac<sup>−1</sup> as single superphosphate) were applied with (M+) and without AMF (M−). The results showed that a high application rate of Zn (100 and 120 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil) restricted P translocation in plants and vice versa. Moreover, the nutritional status of mycorrhizal plants (AM) was better than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants. AM plants showed a maximum positive response at 20 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil, or 29 kg P ac<sup>−1</sup>. In response to 20 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil, root colonization was maximum, which enhanced the maize nutrient concentration in shoots. In conclusion, AMF inoculation (M+) with P (29 kg ac<sup>−1</sup>) and Zn (20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) is efficacious for improving maize’s growth and nutrition. More investigations are suggested at the field level under different agroclimatic zones to ascertain whether P (29 kg ac<sup>−1</sup>) or Zn (20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) with AMF is the best treatment for maize growth optimization.Abdul SaboorMuhammad Arif AliShabir HusainMuhammad Saeed TahirMuhammad IrfanMuhammad BilalKhurram Shehzad BaigRahul DattaNiaz AhmedSubhan DanishBernard R. GlickMDPI AGarticlephosphoruszincmycorrhizaeoptimization application ratesmaizeAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2322, p 2322 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phosphorus zinc mycorrhizae optimization application rates maize Agriculture S
spellingShingle	phosphorus zinc mycorrhizae optimization application rates maize Agriculture S Abdul Saboor Muhammad Arif Ali Shabir Husain Muhammad Saeed Tahir Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Bilal Khurram Shehzad Baig Rahul Datta Niaz Ahmed Subhan Danish Bernard R. Glick Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
description	Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for plants, whose deficiency in alkaline soils creates hurdles in the achievement of optimum crop growth. Moreover, overuse of phosphorus (P) fertilizers often causes Zn immobilization in the soil. The employment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be potentially environmentally friendly technology in this regard. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the beneficial role of AMF (<i>Glomus</i> species) on maize under low and high P and Zn levels. Seven levels of Zn (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O) and three levels of P (0, 14.5, 29 and 58 kg ac<sup>−1</sup> as single superphosphate) were applied with (M+) and without AMF (M−). The results showed that a high application rate of Zn (100 and 120 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil) restricted P translocation in plants and vice versa. Moreover, the nutritional status of mycorrhizal plants (AM) was better than non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants. AM plants showed a maximum positive response at 20 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil, or 29 kg P ac<sup>−1</sup>. In response to 20 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> soil, root colonization was maximum, which enhanced the maize nutrient concentration in shoots. In conclusion, AMF inoculation (M+) with P (29 kg ac<sup>−1</sup>) and Zn (20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) is efficacious for improving maize’s growth and nutrition. More investigations are suggested at the field level under different agroclimatic zones to ascertain whether P (29 kg ac<sup>−1</sup>) or Zn (20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) with AMF is the best treatment for maize growth optimization.
format	article
author	Abdul Saboor Muhammad Arif Ali Shabir Husain Muhammad Saeed Tahir Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Bilal Khurram Shehzad Baig Rahul Datta Niaz Ahmed Subhan Danish Bernard R. Glick
author_facet	Abdul Saboor Muhammad Arif Ali Shabir Husain Muhammad Saeed Tahir Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Bilal Khurram Shehzad Baig Rahul Datta Niaz Ahmed Subhan Danish Bernard R. Glick
author_sort	Abdul Saboor
title	Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
title_short	Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
title_full	Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
title_fullStr	Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
title_full_unstemmed	Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth
title_sort	regulation of phosphorus and zinc uptake in relation to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for better maize growth
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ebe8f31207cf4f83bb446f12298d4950
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Regulation of Phosphorus and Zinc Uptake in Relation to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Better Maize Growth

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