Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study

The negative air ions (NAI) in a forest play an important and positive role in promoting the health of people using the forest for recreation. The purpose of this study was to explore the environmental characteristics that can effectively represent high concentrations of NAI in mountain forests to h...

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Autores principales:	Qi Chen, Rui Wang, Xinping Zhang, Jianjun Liu, Dexiang Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mountain forest negative air ions (NAI) terrain altitude crown density Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec079187be6948d6af0e82d345e8a59b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:ec079187be6948d6af0e82d345e8a59b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec079187be6948d6af0e82d345e8a59b2021-11-11T19:40:30ZEffects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study10.3390/su1321120122071-1050https://doaj.org/article/ec079187be6948d6af0e82d345e8a59b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12012https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The negative air ions (NAI) in a forest play an important and positive role in promoting the health of people using the forest for recreation. The purpose of this study was to explore the environmental characteristics that can effectively represent high concentrations of NAI in mountain forests to help the recreational users to seek out sites with high NAI concentrations for personal health reasons. In order to achieve this goal, we selected the mountain forest of Taibai Mountain National Forest Park, Shaanxi Province, China, as the research object and adopted an orthogonal experimental design with three factors and three levels to study the effects of terrain, altitude, and forest canopy density on the forest NAI concentrations. The results show that obvious peak–valley fluctuation occurs during 6:31 a.m. to 18:30 p.m., with the highest concentration of NAI at 8:00 a.m. (Average: 163 ions/cm<sup>3</sup>) and the lowest at 16:00 p.m. (Average: 626 ions/cm<sup>3</sup>). The altitude (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and canopy density (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found to significantly affect NAI concentrations. The combination of site conditions in the mountain forest observed to have the highest NAI concentrations was valley topography, low altitude, and high canopy density. In addition, the highest NAI concentration was between 14:00 p.m. and 16:00 p.m., under this combination, which was thus identified as the most suitable time for health-promotion activities in mountain forests. The results provide insights into the NAI concentration characteristics and variations, along with identifying important environmental factors for the selection of health-promotion activities in mountain forests.Qi ChenRui WangXinping ZhangJianjun LiuDexiang WangMDPI AGarticlemountain forestnegative air ions (NAI)terrainaltitudecrown densityEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12012, p 12012 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mountain forest negative air ions (NAI) terrain altitude crown density Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	mountain forest negative air ions (NAI) terrain altitude crown density Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Qi Chen Rui Wang Xinping Zhang Jianjun Liu Dexiang Wang Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
description	The negative air ions (NAI) in a forest play an important and positive role in promoting the health of people using the forest for recreation. The purpose of this study was to explore the environmental characteristics that can effectively represent high concentrations of NAI in mountain forests to help the recreational users to seek out sites with high NAI concentrations for personal health reasons. In order to achieve this goal, we selected the mountain forest of Taibai Mountain National Forest Park, Shaanxi Province, China, as the research object and adopted an orthogonal experimental design with three factors and three levels to study the effects of terrain, altitude, and forest canopy density on the forest NAI concentrations. The results show that obvious peak–valley fluctuation occurs during 6:31 a.m. to 18:30 p.m., with the highest concentration of NAI at 8:00 a.m. (Average: 163 ions/cm<sup>3</sup>) and the lowest at 16:00 p.m. (Average: 626 ions/cm<sup>3</sup>). The altitude (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and canopy density (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found to significantly affect NAI concentrations. The combination of site conditions in the mountain forest observed to have the highest NAI concentrations was valley topography, low altitude, and high canopy density. In addition, the highest NAI concentration was between 14:00 p.m. and 16:00 p.m., under this combination, which was thus identified as the most suitable time for health-promotion activities in mountain forests. The results provide insights into the NAI concentration characteristics and variations, along with identifying important environmental factors for the selection of health-promotion activities in mountain forests.
format	article
author	Qi Chen Rui Wang Xinping Zhang Jianjun Liu Dexiang Wang
author_facet	Qi Chen Rui Wang Xinping Zhang Jianjun Liu Dexiang Wang
author_sort	Qi Chen
title	Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
title_short	Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
title_full	Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
title_fullStr	Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study
title_sort	effects of different site conditions on the concentration of negative air ions in mountain forest based on an orthogonal experimental study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec079187be6948d6af0e82d345e8a59b
work_keys_str_mv	AT qichen effectsofdifferentsiteconditionsontheconcentrationofnegativeairionsinmountainforestbasedonanorthogonalexperimentalstudy AT ruiwang effectsofdifferentsiteconditionsontheconcentrationofnegativeairionsinmountainforestbasedonanorthogonalexperimentalstudy AT xinpingzhang effectsofdifferentsiteconditionsontheconcentrationofnegativeairionsinmountainforestbasedonanorthogonalexperimentalstudy AT jianjunliu effectsofdifferentsiteconditionsontheconcentrationofnegativeairionsinmountainforestbasedonanorthogonalexperimentalstudy AT dexiangwang effectsofdifferentsiteconditionsontheconcentrationofnegativeairionsinmountainforestbasedonanorthogonalexperimentalstudy
_version_	1718431500810059776

Effects of Different Site Conditions on the Concentration of Negative Air Ions in Mountain Forest Based on an Orthogonal Experimental Study

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