Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles

Surfactants are commonly used in foliar applications to enhance interactions of active ingredients with plant leaves. We employed metabolomics to understand the effects of TritonTM X-100 surfactant (SA) and nanomaterials (NMs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) at...

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Autores principales:	Xiangning Huang, Arturo A. Keller
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	surfactants nanomaterials nanoagrochemicals metabolomics wheat Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec1f481d702f4c57b1bb66fc6bb58432
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec1f481d702f4c57b1bb66fc6bb584322021-11-25T18:32:13ZMetabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles10.3390/nano111130732079-4991https://doaj.org/article/ec1f481d702f4c57b1bb66fc6bb584322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3073https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Surfactants are commonly used in foliar applications to enhance interactions of active ingredients with plant leaves. We employed metabolomics to understand the effects of Triton<sup>TM</sup> X-100 surfactant (SA) and nanomaterials (NMs) on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) at the molecular level. Leaves of three-week-old wheat seedlings were exposed to deionized water (DI), surfactant solution (SA), NMs-surfactant suspensions (Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs and MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs), and ionic-surfactant solutions (Cu IONs and Mo IONs). Wheat leaves and roots were evaluated via physiological, nutrient distribution, and targeted metabolomics analyses. SA had no impact on plant physiological parameters, however, 30+ dysregulated metabolites and 15+ perturbed metabolomic pathways were identified in wheat leaves and roots. Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs resulted in an accumulation of 649.8 μg/g Cu in leaves; even with minimal Cu translocation, levels of 27 metabolites were significantly changed in roots. Due to the low dissolution of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs in SA, the low concentration of Cu IONs induced minimal plant response. In contrast, given the substantial dissolution of MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs (35.8%), the corresponding high levels of Mo IONs resulted in significant metabolite reprogramming (30+ metabolites dysregulated). Aspartic acid, proline, chlorogenic acid, adenosine, ascorbic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine were significantly upregulated for MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs, yet downregulated under Mo IONs condition. Surprisingly, Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs stimulated wheat plant tissues more than MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs. The glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism (in leaves) and valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis (in roots) uniquely responded to Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs. Findings from this study provide novel insights on the use of surfactants to enhance the foliar application of nanoagrochemicals.Xiangning HuangArturo A. KellerMDPI AGarticlesurfactantsnanomaterialsnanoagrochemicalsmetabolomicswheatChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 3073, p 3073 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	surfactants nanomaterials nanoagrochemicals metabolomics wheat Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	surfactants nanomaterials nanoagrochemicals metabolomics wheat Chemistry QD1-999 Xiangning Huang Arturo A. Keller Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
description	Surfactants are commonly used in foliar applications to enhance interactions of active ingredients with plant leaves. We employed metabolomics to understand the effects of Triton<sup>TM</sup> X-100 surfactant (SA) and nanomaterials (NMs) on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) at the molecular level. Leaves of three-week-old wheat seedlings were exposed to deionized water (DI), surfactant solution (SA), NMs-surfactant suspensions (Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs and MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs), and ionic-surfactant solutions (Cu IONs and Mo IONs). Wheat leaves and roots were evaluated via physiological, nutrient distribution, and targeted metabolomics analyses. SA had no impact on plant physiological parameters, however, 30+ dysregulated metabolites and 15+ perturbed metabolomic pathways were identified in wheat leaves and roots. Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs resulted in an accumulation of 649.8 μg/g Cu in leaves; even with minimal Cu translocation, levels of 27 metabolites were significantly changed in roots. Due to the low dissolution of Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs in SA, the low concentration of Cu IONs induced minimal plant response. In contrast, given the substantial dissolution of MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs (35.8%), the corresponding high levels of Mo IONs resulted in significant metabolite reprogramming (30+ metabolites dysregulated). Aspartic acid, proline, chlorogenic acid, adenosine, ascorbic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine were significantly upregulated for MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs, yet downregulated under Mo IONs condition. Surprisingly, Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs stimulated wheat plant tissues more than MoO<sub>3</sub> NMs. The glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism (in leaves) and valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis (in roots) uniquely responded to Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> NMs. Findings from this study provide novel insights on the use of surfactants to enhance the foliar application of nanoagrochemicals.
format	article
author	Xiangning Huang Arturo A. Keller
author_facet	Xiangning Huang Arturo A. Keller
author_sort	Xiangning Huang
title	Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
title_short	Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
title_full	Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles
title_sort	metabolomic response of early-stage wheat (<i>triticum aestivum</i>) to surfactant-aided foliar application of copper hydroxide and molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec1f481d702f4c57b1bb66fc6bb58432
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiangninghuang metabolomicresponseofearlystagewheatitriticumaestivumitosurfactantaidedfoliarapplicationofcopperhydroxideandmolybdenumtrioxidenanoparticles AT arturoakeller metabolomicresponseofearlystagewheatitriticumaestivumitosurfactantaidedfoliarapplicationofcopperhydroxideandmolybdenumtrioxidenanoparticles
_version_	1718411051834277888

Metabolomic Response of Early-Stage Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to Surfactant-Aided Foliar Application of Copper Hydroxide and Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles

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