Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The use of illegal drugs may be a risk factor of hearing loss. However, very few studies with large sample size have investigated the relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss. Therefore, to evaluate the association between illegal drug use and hearing loss, this cross-sectional populat...

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Autores principales:	Po-Ting Lin, I-Hsun Li, Hui-Wen Yang, Kuan-Wei Chiang, Chih-Hung Wang, Li-Ting Kao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	illegal drug hearing loss national health and nutrition examination survey Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec31c77405d643a48a5a67ef33bd1af0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec31c77405d643a48a5a67ef33bd1af02021-11-25T17:49:41ZIllegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey10.3390/ijerph1822119451660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/ec31c77405d643a48a5a67ef33bd1af02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11945https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The use of illegal drugs may be a risk factor of hearing loss. However, very few studies with large sample size have investigated the relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss. Therefore, to evaluate the association between illegal drug use and hearing loss, this cross-sectional population-based study collected data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011. The study included 1772 participants aged 20 to 59 years who underwent the Drug Use Questionnaire and Audiometry Examination. Of the 1772 participants in this study, 865 were men (48.8%) and 497 were illegal drug users. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 40.0 (11.4) years. After considering age, sex, and comorbidities, the participants who used illegal drugs were found to have higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–2.10) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36–2.12) as compared with the nonusers. In the second analysis, the participants who used ≥ 2 types of illegal drugs were associated with higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08–2.37). In the third analysis, cocaine use was associated with increased risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82). The adjusted OR for overall hearing loss in the methamphetamine users was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05–2.27) as compared with that in the nonusers. This study shows that illegal drug users might have a higher risk of overall hearing loss than nonusers. In addition, the analysis results demonstrated that the more kinds of illegal drugs used, the higher the risk of hearing loss. Further experimental and longitudinal research studies are required to confirm the causal relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss.Po-Ting LinI-Hsun LiHui-Wen YangKuan-Wei ChiangChih-Hung WangLi-Ting KaoMDPI AGarticleillegal drughearing lossnational health and nutrition examination surveyMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11945, p 11945 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	illegal drug hearing loss national health and nutrition examination survey Medicine R
spellingShingle	illegal drug hearing loss national health and nutrition examination survey Medicine R Po-Ting Lin I-Hsun Li Hui-Wen Yang Kuan-Wei Chiang Chih-Hung Wang Li-Ting Kao Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
description	The use of illegal drugs may be a risk factor of hearing loss. However, very few studies with large sample size have investigated the relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss. Therefore, to evaluate the association between illegal drug use and hearing loss, this cross-sectional population-based study collected data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011. The study included 1772 participants aged 20 to 59 years who underwent the Drug Use Questionnaire and Audiometry Examination. Of the 1772 participants in this study, 865 were men (48.8%) and 497 were illegal drug users. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 40.0 (11.4) years. After considering age, sex, and comorbidities, the participants who used illegal drugs were found to have higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–2.10) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36–2.12) as compared with the nonusers. In the second analysis, the participants who used ≥ 2 types of illegal drugs were associated with higher risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.06–2.32) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08–2.37). In the third analysis, cocaine use was associated with increased risks of high-frequency hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) and overall hearing loss (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82). The adjusted OR for overall hearing loss in the methamphetamine users was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05–2.27) as compared with that in the nonusers. This study shows that illegal drug users might have a higher risk of overall hearing loss than nonusers. In addition, the analysis results demonstrated that the more kinds of illegal drugs used, the higher the risk of hearing loss. Further experimental and longitudinal research studies are required to confirm the causal relationship between illegal drug use and hearing loss.
format	article
author	Po-Ting Lin I-Hsun Li Hui-Wen Yang Kuan-Wei Chiang Chih-Hung Wang Li-Ting Kao
author_facet	Po-Ting Lin I-Hsun Li Hui-Wen Yang Kuan-Wei Chiang Chih-Hung Wang Li-Ting Kao
author_sort	Po-Ting Lin
title	Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_short	Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_full	Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_fullStr	Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_full_unstemmed	Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
title_sort	illegal drug use and risk of hearing loss in the united states: a national health and nutrition examination survey
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec31c77405d643a48a5a67ef33bd1af0
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Illegal Drug Use and Risk of Hearing Loss in the United States: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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