Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.

Patterns of local adaptation can emerge in response to the selective pressures diseases exert on host populations as reflected in increased frequencies of respective, advantageous genotypes. Elucidating patterns of local adaptation enhance our understanding of mechanisms of disease spread and the ca...

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Autores principales:	Tristan M Baecklund, Michael E Donaldson, Karsten Hueffer, Christopher J Kyle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec38477427f241c7858437f132b9b2db
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec38477427f241c7858437f132b9b2db2021-12-02T20:13:20ZGenetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258975https://doaj.org/article/ec38477427f241c7858437f132b9b2db2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258975https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Patterns of local adaptation can emerge in response to the selective pressures diseases exert on host populations as reflected in increased frequencies of respective, advantageous genotypes. Elucidating patterns of local adaptation enhance our understanding of mechanisms of disease spread and the capacity for species to adapt in context of rapidly changing environments such as the Arctic. Arctic rabies is a lethal disease that largely persists in northern climates and overlaps with the distribution of its natural host, arctic fox. Arctic fox populations display little neutral genetic structure across their North American range, whereas phylogenetically unique arctic rabies variants are restricted in their geographic distributions. It remains unknown if arctic rabies variants impose differential selection upon host populations, nor what role different rabies variants play in the maintenance and spread of this disease. Using a targeted, genotyping-by-sequencing assay, we assessed correlations of arctic fox immunogenetic variation with arctic rabies variants to gain further insight into the epidemiology of this disease. Corroborating past research, we found no neutral genetic structure between sampled regions, but did find moderate immunogenetic structuring between foxes predominated by different arctic rabies variants. FST outliers associated with host immunogenetic structure included SNPs within interleukin and Toll-like receptor coding regions (IL12B, IL5, TLR3 and NFKB1); genes known to mediate host responses to rabies. While these data do not necessarily reflect causation, nor a direct link to arctic rabies, the contrasting genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes with neutral loci is suggestive of differential selection and patterns of local adaptation in this system. These data are somewhat unexpected given the long-lived nature and dispersal capacities of arctic fox; traits expected to undermine local adaptation. Overall, these data contribute to our understanding of the co-evolutionary relationships between arctic rabies and their primary host and provide data relevant to the management of this disease.Tristan M BaecklundMichael E DonaldsonKarsten HuefferChristopher J KylePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258975 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tristan M Baecklund Michael E Donaldson Karsten Hueffer Christopher J Kyle Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
description	Patterns of local adaptation can emerge in response to the selective pressures diseases exert on host populations as reflected in increased frequencies of respective, advantageous genotypes. Elucidating patterns of local adaptation enhance our understanding of mechanisms of disease spread and the capacity for species to adapt in context of rapidly changing environments such as the Arctic. Arctic rabies is a lethal disease that largely persists in northern climates and overlaps with the distribution of its natural host, arctic fox. Arctic fox populations display little neutral genetic structure across their North American range, whereas phylogenetically unique arctic rabies variants are restricted in their geographic distributions. It remains unknown if arctic rabies variants impose differential selection upon host populations, nor what role different rabies variants play in the maintenance and spread of this disease. Using a targeted, genotyping-by-sequencing assay, we assessed correlations of arctic fox immunogenetic variation with arctic rabies variants to gain further insight into the epidemiology of this disease. Corroborating past research, we found no neutral genetic structure between sampled regions, but did find moderate immunogenetic structuring between foxes predominated by different arctic rabies variants. FST outliers associated with host immunogenetic structure included SNPs within interleukin and Toll-like receptor coding regions (IL12B, IL5, TLR3 and NFKB1); genes known to mediate host responses to rabies. While these data do not necessarily reflect causation, nor a direct link to arctic rabies, the contrasting genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes with neutral loci is suggestive of differential selection and patterns of local adaptation in this system. These data are somewhat unexpected given the long-lived nature and dispersal capacities of arctic fox; traits expected to undermine local adaptation. Overall, these data contribute to our understanding of the co-evolutionary relationships between arctic rabies and their primary host and provide data relevant to the management of this disease.
format	article
author	Tristan M Baecklund Michael E Donaldson Karsten Hueffer Christopher J Kyle
author_facet	Tristan M Baecklund Michael E Donaldson Karsten Hueffer Christopher J Kyle
author_sort	Tristan M Baecklund
title	Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
title_short	Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
title_full	Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
title_fullStr	Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
title_sort	genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec38477427f241c7858437f132b9b2db
work_keys_str_mv	AT tristanmbaecklund geneticstructureofimmunologicallyassociatedcandidategenessuggestsarcticrabiesvariantsexertdifferentialselectioninarcticfoxpopulations AT michaeledonaldson geneticstructureofimmunologicallyassociatedcandidategenessuggestsarcticrabiesvariantsexertdifferentialselectioninarcticfoxpopulations AT karstenhueffer geneticstructureofimmunologicallyassociatedcandidategenessuggestsarcticrabiesvariantsexertdifferentialselectioninarcticfoxpopulations AT christopherjkyle geneticstructureofimmunologicallyassociatedcandidategenessuggestsarcticrabiesvariantsexertdifferentialselectioninarcticfoxpopulations
_version_	1718374799525281792

Genetic structure of immunologically associated candidate genes suggests arctic rabies variants exert differential selection in arctic fox populations.

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