Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela

Abstract In 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 201...

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Autores principales:	Ricardo A. Strauss, Laura Herrera-Leon, Ana C. Guillén, Julio S. Castro, Eva Lorenz, Ana Carvajal, Elizabeth Hernandez, Trina Navas, Silvana Vielma, Neiris Lopez, Maria G. Lopez, Lisbeth Aurenty, Valeria Navas, Maria A. Rosas, Tatiana Drummond, José G. Martínez, Erick Hernández, Francis Bertuglia, Omaira Andrade, Jaime Torres, Jürgen May, Silvia Herrera-Leon, Daniel Eibach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec52c6b1977044c98aa3f84f9f89a1e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec52c6b1977044c98aa3f84f9f89a1e62021-12-02T16:30:57ZMolecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela10.1038/s41598-021-85957-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ec52c6b1977044c98aa3f84f9f89a1e62021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85957-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Confirmed pathogenic Corynebactrium isolates were biotyped. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed followed by next-generation-based core genome-MLST and minimum spanning trees were generated. Subjects between 10 and 19 years of age were mostly affected (n = 95; 27.3%). Case fatality rates (CFR) were higher in males (19.4%), as compared to females (15.8%). The highest CFR (31.1%) was observed among those under 5, followed by the 40 to 49 age-group (25.0%). Nine samples corresponded to C. diphtheriae and 1 to C. ulcerans. Two Sequencing Types (ST), ST174 and ST697 (the latter not previously described) were identified among the eight C. diphtheriae isolates from Carabobo state. Cg-MLST revealed only one cluster also from Carabobo. The Whole Genome Sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak seemed to be caused by different strains with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans coexisting. The reemergence and length of this outbreak suggest vaccination coverage problems and an inadequate control strategy.Ricardo A. StraussLaura Herrera-LeonAna C. GuillénJulio S. CastroEva LorenzAna CarvajalElizabeth HernandezTrina NavasSilvana VielmaNeiris LopezMaria G. LopezLisbeth AurentyValeria NavasMaria A. RosasTatiana DrummondJosé G. MartínezErick HernándezFrancis BertugliaOmaira AndradeJaime TorresJürgen MaySilvia Herrera-LeonDaniel EibachNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ricardo A. Strauss Laura Herrera-Leon Ana C. Guillén Julio S. Castro Eva Lorenz Ana Carvajal Elizabeth Hernandez Trina Navas Silvana Vielma Neiris Lopez Maria G. Lopez Lisbeth Aurenty Valeria Navas Maria A. Rosas Tatiana Drummond José G. Martínez Erick Hernández Francis Bertuglia Omaira Andrade Jaime Torres Jürgen May Silvia Herrera-Leon Daniel Eibach Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
description	Abstract In 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Confirmed pathogenic Corynebactrium isolates were biotyped. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed followed by next-generation-based core genome-MLST and minimum spanning trees were generated. Subjects between 10 and 19 years of age were mostly affected (n = 95; 27.3%). Case fatality rates (CFR) were higher in males (19.4%), as compared to females (15.8%). The highest CFR (31.1%) was observed among those under 5, followed by the 40 to 49 age-group (25.0%). Nine samples corresponded to C. diphtheriae and 1 to C. ulcerans. Two Sequencing Types (ST), ST174 and ST697 (the latter not previously described) were identified among the eight C. diphtheriae isolates from Carabobo state. Cg-MLST revealed only one cluster also from Carabobo. The Whole Genome Sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak seemed to be caused by different strains with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans coexisting. The reemergence and length of this outbreak suggest vaccination coverage problems and an inadequate control strategy.
format	article
author	Ricardo A. Strauss Laura Herrera-Leon Ana C. Guillén Julio S. Castro Eva Lorenz Ana Carvajal Elizabeth Hernandez Trina Navas Silvana Vielma Neiris Lopez Maria G. Lopez Lisbeth Aurenty Valeria Navas Maria A. Rosas Tatiana Drummond José G. Martínez Erick Hernández Francis Bertuglia Omaira Andrade Jaime Torres Jürgen May Silvia Herrera-Leon Daniel Eibach
author_facet	Ricardo A. Strauss Laura Herrera-Leon Ana C. Guillén Julio S. Castro Eva Lorenz Ana Carvajal Elizabeth Hernandez Trina Navas Silvana Vielma Neiris Lopez Maria G. Lopez Lisbeth Aurenty Valeria Navas Maria A. Rosas Tatiana Drummond José G. Martínez Erick Hernández Francis Bertuglia Omaira Andrade Jaime Torres Jürgen May Silvia Herrera-Leon Daniel Eibach
author_sort	Ricardo A. Strauss
title	Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
title_short	Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
title_full	Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
title_fullStr	Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
title_sort	molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in venezuela
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec52c6b1977044c98aa3f84f9f89a1e6
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Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela

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