Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China

Abstract The terrestrial environment of a watershed is a source of potential carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports, and the hydrological regime provides the mechanism to turn the potential exports into reality when water is available. However, the extent to which the terrestrial envir...

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Autores principales:	Changjun Gao, Wei Li, Lijuan Cui, Qiongfang Ma, Jian Cai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec60dd4e4ebd42e394e5fce25d7c7fa3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec60dd4e4ebd42e394e5fce25d7c7fa32021-12-02T14:58:45ZCatchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China10.1038/s41598-021-89804-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ec60dd4e4ebd42e394e5fce25d7c7fa32021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89804-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The terrestrial environment of a watershed is a source of potential carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports, and the hydrological regime provides the mechanism to turn the potential exports into reality when water is available. However, the extent to which the terrestrial environment alters the strength and nature of streamflow in transporting stream water nutrient ratios remains largely unknown. This study combined monthly stream discharge data with synchronously sampled stream water C:N:P ratios in 14 catchment streams in the Xitiao River Basin (XRB) in Zhejiang Province, China. The transport effect of streamflow on C:N:P ratios varied depending on the nutrient element, flow condition, and terrestrial environment. In the lower reaches of the XRB, there were negative relationships between C:N ratios, C:P ratios and watershed discharge, and positive relationships between N:P ratios and watershed discharge in both high and low flow conditions. In the middle and upper reaches of the XRB, the C:N-discharge relationship changed from negative to positive when the streamflow conditions altered from low to high flow. The C:P- and N:P-discharge relationships were negative regardless of high or low flows, but the regression coefficient significantly decreased with increasing streamflow. The C:N-discharge correlation over the course of the year shifted from negative to positive, as urban areas expanded within the catchment. The C:P-discharge relationship altered from negative to positive with more cropland and wetland but from positive to negative with a greater forest percentage and mean percentage slope. Our results indicate that changes in the terrestrial environment (e.g., the proportion of a particular land cover within a watershed) generally produced a threshold flow above which the coupling relationships between element fluxes from the terrestrial to riverine ecosystem changed sharply.Changjun GaoWei LiLijuan CuiQiongfang MaJian CaiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Changjun Gao Wei Li Lijuan Cui Qiongfang Ma Jian Cai Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
description	Abstract The terrestrial environment of a watershed is a source of potential carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) exports, and the hydrological regime provides the mechanism to turn the potential exports into reality when water is available. However, the extent to which the terrestrial environment alters the strength and nature of streamflow in transporting stream water nutrient ratios remains largely unknown. This study combined monthly stream discharge data with synchronously sampled stream water C:N:P ratios in 14 catchment streams in the Xitiao River Basin (XRB) in Zhejiang Province, China. The transport effect of streamflow on C:N:P ratios varied depending on the nutrient element, flow condition, and terrestrial environment. In the lower reaches of the XRB, there were negative relationships between C:N ratios, C:P ratios and watershed discharge, and positive relationships between N:P ratios and watershed discharge in both high and low flow conditions. In the middle and upper reaches of the XRB, the C:N-discharge relationship changed from negative to positive when the streamflow conditions altered from low to high flow. The C:P- and N:P-discharge relationships were negative regardless of high or low flows, but the regression coefficient significantly decreased with increasing streamflow. The C:N-discharge correlation over the course of the year shifted from negative to positive, as urban areas expanded within the catchment. The C:P-discharge relationship altered from negative to positive with more cropland and wetland but from positive to negative with a greater forest percentage and mean percentage slope. Our results indicate that changes in the terrestrial environment (e.g., the proportion of a particular land cover within a watershed) generally produced a threshold flow above which the coupling relationships between element fluxes from the terrestrial to riverine ecosystem changed sharply.
format	article
author	Changjun Gao Wei Li Lijuan Cui Qiongfang Ma Jian Cai
author_facet	Changjun Gao Wei Li Lijuan Cui Qiongfang Ma Jian Cai
author_sort	Changjun Gao
title	Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
title_short	Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
title_full	Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
title_fullStr	Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
title_full_unstemmed	Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China
title_sort	catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the xitiao river basin china
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec60dd4e4ebd42e394e5fce25d7c7fa3
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Catchment landscape components alter relationships between discharge and stream water nutrient ratios in the Xitiao River Basin China

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