Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering

Plants produce a large variety of low-molecular-weight and specialized secondary compounds. Among them, nitrogen-containing alkaloids are the most biologically active and are often used in the pharmaceutical industry. Although alkaloid chemistry has been intensively investigated, characterization of...

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Autores principales:	Yasuyuki Yamada, Fumihiko Sato
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid monoterpene indole alkaloid nicotine steroidal glycoalkaloid transcription factor jasmonate signaling Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec67138247804181941b6c3ff1435401
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec67138247804181941b6c3ff14354012021-11-25T16:54:19ZTranscription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering10.3390/biom111117192218-273Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ec67138247804181941b6c3ff14354012021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/11/1719https://doaj.org/toc/2218-273XPlants produce a large variety of low-molecular-weight and specialized secondary compounds. Among them, nitrogen-containing alkaloids are the most biologically active and are often used in the pharmaceutical industry. Although alkaloid chemistry has been intensively investigated, characterization of alkaloid biosynthesis, including biosynthetic enzyme genes and their regulation, especially the transcription factors involved, has been relatively delayed, since only a limited number of plant species produce these specific types of alkaloids in a tissue/cell-specific or developmental-specific manner. Recent advances in molecular biology technologies, such as RNA sequencing, co-expression analysis of transcripts and metabolites, and functional characterization of genes using recombinant technology and cutting-edge technology for metabolite identification, have enabled a more detailed characterization of alkaloid pathways. Thus, transcriptional regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis by transcription factors, such as basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), and WRKY, is well elucidated. In addition, jasmonate signaling, an important cue in alkaloid biosynthesis, and its cascade, interaction of transcription factors, and post-transcriptional regulation are also characterized and show cell/tissue-specific or developmental regulation. Furthermore, current sequencing technology provides more information on the genome structure of alkaloid-producing plants with large and complex genomes, for genome-wide characterization. Based on the latest information, we discuss the application of transcription factors in alkaloid engineering.Yasuyuki YamadaFumihiko SatoMDPI AGarticlebenzylisoquinoline alkaloidmonoterpene indole alkaloidnicotinesteroidal glycoalkaloidtranscription factorjasmonate signalingMicrobiologyQR1-502ENBiomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1719, p 1719 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid monoterpene indole alkaloid nicotine steroidal glycoalkaloid transcription factor jasmonate signaling Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid monoterpene indole alkaloid nicotine steroidal glycoalkaloid transcription factor jasmonate signaling Microbiology QR1-502 Yasuyuki Yamada Fumihiko Sato Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
description	Plants produce a large variety of low-molecular-weight and specialized secondary compounds. Among them, nitrogen-containing alkaloids are the most biologically active and are often used in the pharmaceutical industry. Although alkaloid chemistry has been intensively investigated, characterization of alkaloid biosynthesis, including biosynthetic enzyme genes and their regulation, especially the transcription factors involved, has been relatively delayed, since only a limited number of plant species produce these specific types of alkaloids in a tissue/cell-specific or developmental-specific manner. Recent advances in molecular biology technologies, such as RNA sequencing, co-expression analysis of transcripts and metabolites, and functional characterization of genes using recombinant technology and cutting-edge technology for metabolite identification, have enabled a more detailed characterization of alkaloid pathways. Thus, transcriptional regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis by transcription factors, such as basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), and WRKY, is well elucidated. In addition, jasmonate signaling, an important cue in alkaloid biosynthesis, and its cascade, interaction of transcription factors, and post-transcriptional regulation are also characterized and show cell/tissue-specific or developmental regulation. Furthermore, current sequencing technology provides more information on the genome structure of alkaloid-producing plants with large and complex genomes, for genome-wide characterization. Based on the latest information, we discuss the application of transcription factors in alkaloid engineering.
format	article
author	Yasuyuki Yamada Fumihiko Sato
author_facet	Yasuyuki Yamada Fumihiko Sato
author_sort	Yasuyuki Yamada
title	Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
title_short	Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
title_full	Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
title_fullStr	Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering
title_sort	transcription factors in alkaloid engineering
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec67138247804181941b6c3ff1435401
work_keys_str_mv	AT yasuyukiyamada transcriptionfactorsinalkaloidengineering AT fumihikosato transcriptionfactorsinalkaloidengineering
_version_	1718412871117832192

Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering

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