Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess curren...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:ec7e731383e546e293aedcfa628101f22021-12-02T00:36:58ZScreen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review2296-236010.3389/fped.2021.675214https://doaj.org/article/ec7e731383e546e293aedcfa628101f22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.675214/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2360Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess current data on the relationship between screen time and bone status in children and teenagers.Methods: We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies of children and adolescents that assessed screen time and bone status, determined by measuring bone mineral content or density, bone stiffness index, bone speed of sound, bone broadband ultrasound attenuation, or frame index. Searches were limited to studies published between 1900 and 2020, and performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.Results: Ten cohort and cross-sectional studies including pediatric population were selected. The combined study population was 20,420 children/adolescents, of whom 18,444 participated in cross-sectional studies. Four studies assessed the effects of total screen time, seven the consequences of TV viewing time, and six the effects of recreational computer use on bone health. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and weekly screen time and bone health in children and adolescents. In 57% of the studies included also a negative correlation between television viewing time and bone status was observed, while recreational computer time did not have a significant impact on bone health. According to the only four studies that included dietetic factors, no relevant differences were found between calcium intake and screen time or bone broadband ultrasound attenuation and bone speed of sound.Conclusions: Review of the literature of the past three decades provides strong support for comprehensive education of screen time on bone status. The findings of this systematic review support a negative association between screen time and bone status in children and adolescents, with a different impact when considering the different technological devices. As peak bone mass in adolescents is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis risk, strategies aimed at improving bone health should incorporate conscious use of digital technology.Carmela de LamasPaula Sánchez-PintosPaula Sánchez-PintosPaula Sánchez-PintosPaula Sánchez-PintosPaula Sánchez-PintosMaría José de CastroMaría José de CastroMaría José de CastroMaría José de CastroMaría José de CastroMiguel Sáenz de PipaonMaría Luz CouceMaría Luz CouceMaría Luz CouceMaría Luz CouceMaría Luz CouceFrontiers Media S.A.articlebone mineral densitycomputermobile phonescreentabletsbone turnoverPediatricsRJ1-570ENFrontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 9 (2021) |
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| topic |
bone mineral density computer mobile phone screen tablets bone turnover Pediatrics RJ1-570 |
| spellingShingle |
bone mineral density computer mobile phone screen tablets bone turnover Pediatrics RJ1-570 Carmela de Lamas Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| description |
Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess current data on the relationship between screen time and bone status in children and teenagers.Methods: We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies of children and adolescents that assessed screen time and bone status, determined by measuring bone mineral content or density, bone stiffness index, bone speed of sound, bone broadband ultrasound attenuation, or frame index. Searches were limited to studies published between 1900 and 2020, and performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.Results: Ten cohort and cross-sectional studies including pediatric population were selected. The combined study population was 20,420 children/adolescents, of whom 18,444 participated in cross-sectional studies. Four studies assessed the effects of total screen time, seven the consequences of TV viewing time, and six the effects of recreational computer use on bone health. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and weekly screen time and bone health in children and adolescents. In 57% of the studies included also a negative correlation between television viewing time and bone status was observed, while recreational computer time did not have a significant impact on bone health. According to the only four studies that included dietetic factors, no relevant differences were found between calcium intake and screen time or bone broadband ultrasound attenuation and bone speed of sound.Conclusions: Review of the literature of the past three decades provides strong support for comprehensive education of screen time on bone status. The findings of this systematic review support a negative association between screen time and bone status in children and adolescents, with a different impact when considering the different technological devices. As peak bone mass in adolescents is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis risk, strategies aimed at improving bone health should incorporate conscious use of digital technology. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Carmela de Lamas Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce |
| author_facet |
Carmela de Lamas Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos Paula Sánchez-Pintos María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro María José de Castro Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce María Luz Couce |
| author_sort |
Carmela de Lamas |
| title |
Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| title_short |
Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| title_full |
Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr |
Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort |
screen time and bone status in children and adolescents: a systematic review |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/ec7e731383e546e293aedcfa628101f2 |
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