Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Slowed information processing speed (IPS) is the hallmark and first cognitive domain to be altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Insufficient serum vitamin D was previously associated with disease development, relapses, and progression, but little is reported on cognition. However, vitamin D...

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Autores principales:	Eleonora Virgilio, Domizia Vecchio, Ilaria Crespi, Paolo Barbero, Beatrice Caloni, Paola Naldi, Roberto Cantello, Umberto Dianzani, Cristoforo Comi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	multiple sclerosis vitamin D cognition information processing speed IPS symbol digit modalities test Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ec945f8d1dca4365b8be571845b0689a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ec945f8d1dca4365b8be571845b0689a2021-11-25T16:58:56ZSerum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients10.3390/brainsci111115212076-3425https://doaj.org/article/ec945f8d1dca4365b8be571845b0689a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1521https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Slowed information processing speed (IPS) is the hallmark and first cognitive domain to be altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Insufficient serum vitamin D was previously associated with disease development, relapses, and progression, but little is reported on cognition. However, vitamin D and cognitive impairment (CI) in other neurodegenerative diseases have already been linked. We explored the possible correlation between vitamin D and IPS at diagnosis and early disability at last follow-up in 81 MS patients. At diagnosis, we collected vitamin D levels and performed a Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Raw scores were adjusted for age, gender, and educational level. Early disability was evaluated with MS severity score (MSSS) and age-related MSSS (ARMSS). A total of 71 patients (86.58%) showed hypovitaminosis D (19.71 ± 8.76 ng/mL) and 18 patients (21.95%) had CI. Patients with CI showed severe hypovitaminosis D (<i>p</i> = 0.004). No patients with sufficient vitamin D levels had CI. We found a positive correlation between vitamin D levels at diagnosis and (1) SDMT raw and <i>z</i>-score that persisted after correction for sunlight exposure and MRI baseline characteristics, and (2) EDSS, MSSS, and ARMSS after a mean 2 year follow-up. Low vitamin D levels may affect both cognition and early disability in newly diagnosed MS patients.Eleonora VirgilioDomizia VecchioIlaria CrespiPaolo BarberoBeatrice CaloniPaola NaldiRoberto CantelloUmberto DianzaniCristoforo ComiMDPI AGarticlemultiple sclerosisvitamin Dcognitioninformation processing speedIPSsymbol digit modalities testNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1521, p 1521 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	multiple sclerosis vitamin D cognition information processing speed IPS symbol digit modalities test Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	multiple sclerosis vitamin D cognition information processing speed IPS symbol digit modalities test Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Eleonora Virgilio Domizia Vecchio Ilaria Crespi Paolo Barbero Beatrice Caloni Paola Naldi Roberto Cantello Umberto Dianzani Cristoforo Comi Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
description	Slowed information processing speed (IPS) is the hallmark and first cognitive domain to be altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Insufficient serum vitamin D was previously associated with disease development, relapses, and progression, but little is reported on cognition. However, vitamin D and cognitive impairment (CI) in other neurodegenerative diseases have already been linked. We explored the possible correlation between vitamin D and IPS at diagnosis and early disability at last follow-up in 81 MS patients. At diagnosis, we collected vitamin D levels and performed a Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Raw scores were adjusted for age, gender, and educational level. Early disability was evaluated with MS severity score (MSSS) and age-related MSSS (ARMSS). A total of 71 patients (86.58%) showed hypovitaminosis D (19.71 ± 8.76 ng/mL) and 18 patients (21.95%) had CI. Patients with CI showed severe hypovitaminosis D (<i>p</i> = 0.004). No patients with sufficient vitamin D levels had CI. We found a positive correlation between vitamin D levels at diagnosis and (1) SDMT raw and <i>z</i>-score that persisted after correction for sunlight exposure and MRI baseline characteristics, and (2) EDSS, MSSS, and ARMSS after a mean 2 year follow-up. Low vitamin D levels may affect both cognition and early disability in newly diagnosed MS patients.
format	article
author	Eleonora Virgilio Domizia Vecchio Ilaria Crespi Paolo Barbero Beatrice Caloni Paola Naldi Roberto Cantello Umberto Dianzani Cristoforo Comi
author_facet	Eleonora Virgilio Domizia Vecchio Ilaria Crespi Paolo Barbero Beatrice Caloni Paola Naldi Roberto Cantello Umberto Dianzani Cristoforo Comi
author_sort	Eleonora Virgilio
title	Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
title_short	Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
title_full	Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
title_fullStr	Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
title_sort	serum vitamin d as a marker of impaired information processing speed and early disability in multiple sclerosis patients
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ec945f8d1dca4365b8be571845b0689a
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Serum Vitamin D as a Marker of Impaired Information Processing Speed and Early Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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