Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice

Higher demand and cost of labor and water shortage have forced the farmers to look for an alternate method of cultivation in rice as a substitute to the existing conventional transplanting. Dry direct seeding and water seeding have emerged as better alternatives over transplanting method. These meth...

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Autores principales:	Intikhab Aalum Jehangir, Ashaq Hussain, Najeeb. R. Sofi, Shabir. H. Wani, Omar M. Ali, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, Waseem Raja, M. Anwar Bhat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	rice dry direct seeding water seeding transplanting establishment methods weed management practices Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecab4a678479493783ec75d2e9f90f25
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecab4a678479493783ec75d2e9f90f252021-11-25T16:03:55ZCrop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice10.3390/agronomy111121372073-4395https://doaj.org/article/ecab4a678479493783ec75d2e9f90f252021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2137https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Higher demand and cost of labor and water shortage have forced the farmers to look for an alternate method of cultivation in rice as a substitute to the existing conventional transplanting. Dry direct seeding and water seeding have emerged as better alternatives over transplanting method. These methods not only result in labor saving, but also result in significant water saving in rice. These are important adaptation strategies to the impending climate change. However, the direct seeding method is confronted with severe weed infestation and yield losses if weeds are not managed well. Against this backdrop, a field study was undertaken during <i>kharif</i> seasons of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on rice and its associated weed flora. The results demonstrated that grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT), but significantly superior to dry direct seeding (DDSR). Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR, but were at par with CT. Weed density followed the order of DDSR > WS > CT. With the advancement in age of the crop, sedges dominated in DDSR, whereas broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment. All the herbicides reduced the weed density significantly as compared to weedy check. Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively. PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses but was less effective against BLW. Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%) and the lowest was observed in PE (3%). Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha<sup>−1</sup> under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield.Intikhab Aalum JehangirAshaq HussainNajeeb. R. SofiShabir. H. WaniOmar M. AliArafat Abdel Hamed Abdel LatefWaseem RajaM. Anwar BhatMDPI AGarticlericedry direct seedingwater seedingtransplantingestablishment methodsweed management practicesAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2137, p 2137 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rice dry direct seeding water seeding transplanting establishment methods weed management practices Agriculture S
spellingShingle	rice dry direct seeding water seeding transplanting establishment methods weed management practices Agriculture S Intikhab Aalum Jehangir Ashaq Hussain Najeeb. R. Sofi Shabir. H. Wani Omar M. Ali Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Waseem Raja M. Anwar Bhat Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
description	Higher demand and cost of labor and water shortage have forced the farmers to look for an alternate method of cultivation in rice as a substitute to the existing conventional transplanting. Dry direct seeding and water seeding have emerged as better alternatives over transplanting method. These methods not only result in labor saving, but also result in significant water saving in rice. These are important adaptation strategies to the impending climate change. However, the direct seeding method is confronted with severe weed infestation and yield losses if weeds are not managed well. Against this backdrop, a field study was undertaken during <i>kharif</i> seasons of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on rice and its associated weed flora. The results demonstrated that grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT), but significantly superior to dry direct seeding (DDSR). Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR, but were at par with CT. Weed density followed the order of DDSR > WS > CT. With the advancement in age of the crop, sedges dominated in DDSR, whereas broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment. All the herbicides reduced the weed density significantly as compared to weedy check. Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively. PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses but was less effective against BLW. Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%) and the lowest was observed in PE (3%). Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha<sup>−1</sup> under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield.
format	article
author	Intikhab Aalum Jehangir Ashaq Hussain Najeeb. R. Sofi Shabir. H. Wani Omar M. Ali Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Waseem Raja M. Anwar Bhat
author_facet	Intikhab Aalum Jehangir Ashaq Hussain Najeeb. R. Sofi Shabir. H. Wani Omar M. Ali Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Waseem Raja M. Anwar Bhat
author_sort	Intikhab Aalum Jehangir
title	Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
title_short	Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
title_full	Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
title_fullStr	Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
title_full_unstemmed	Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice
title_sort	crop establishment methods and weed management practices affect grain yield and weed dynamics in temperate rice
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecab4a678479493783ec75d2e9f90f25
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Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice

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