Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.

Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated food webs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly var...

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Autores principales:	Shannon M Murphy, Gina M Wimp, Danny Lewis, Robert F Denno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecb2675e511c43b391f4328a49305f19
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecb2675e511c43b391f4328a49305f192021-11-18T07:07:18ZNutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0043929https://doaj.org/article/ecb2675e511c43b391f4328a49305f192012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22952814/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated food webs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly variable, spanning the range from sporadic to continuous. Despite the global increase in anthropogenically-derived nutrient inputs into native ecosystems, the consequences of variation in subsidy duration on native plants and their associated food webs are poorly known. Specifically, while some studies have examined the effects of nutrient subsidies on native ecosystems for a single year (a nutrient pulse), repeated introductions of nutrients across multiple years (a nutrient press) better reflect the persistent nature of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. We therefore contrasted the effects of a one-year nutrient pulse with a four-year nutrient press on arthropod consumers in two salt marshes. Salt marshes represent an ideal system to address the differential impacts of nutrient pulses and presses on ecosystem and community dynamics because human development and other anthropogenic activities lead to recurrent introductions of nutrients into these natural systems. We found that plant biomass and %N as well as arthropod density fell after the nutrient pulse ended but remained elevated throughout the nutrient press. Notably, higher trophic levels responded more strongly than lower trophic levels to fertilization, and the predator/prey ratio increased each year of the nutrient press, demonstrating that food web responses to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment can take years to fully manifest themselves. Vegetation at the two marshes also exhibited an apparent tradeoff between increasing %N and biomass in response to fertilization. Our research emphasizes the need for long-term, spatially diverse studies of nutrient enrichment in order to understand how variation in the duration of anthropogenic nutrient subsidies affects native ecosystems.Shannon M MurphyGina M WimpDanny LewisRobert F DennoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e43929 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shannon M Murphy Gina M Wimp Danny Lewis Robert F Denno Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
description	Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated food webs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly variable, spanning the range from sporadic to continuous. Despite the global increase in anthropogenically-derived nutrient inputs into native ecosystems, the consequences of variation in subsidy duration on native plants and their associated food webs are poorly known. Specifically, while some studies have examined the effects of nutrient subsidies on native ecosystems for a single year (a nutrient pulse), repeated introductions of nutrients across multiple years (a nutrient press) better reflect the persistent nature of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. We therefore contrasted the effects of a one-year nutrient pulse with a four-year nutrient press on arthropod consumers in two salt marshes. Salt marshes represent an ideal system to address the differential impacts of nutrient pulses and presses on ecosystem and community dynamics because human development and other anthropogenic activities lead to recurrent introductions of nutrients into these natural systems. We found that plant biomass and %N as well as arthropod density fell after the nutrient pulse ended but remained elevated throughout the nutrient press. Notably, higher trophic levels responded more strongly than lower trophic levels to fertilization, and the predator/prey ratio increased each year of the nutrient press, demonstrating that food web responses to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment can take years to fully manifest themselves. Vegetation at the two marshes also exhibited an apparent tradeoff between increasing %N and biomass in response to fertilization. Our research emphasizes the need for long-term, spatially diverse studies of nutrient enrichment in order to understand how variation in the duration of anthropogenic nutrient subsidies affects native ecosystems.
format	article
author	Shannon M Murphy Gina M Wimp Danny Lewis Robert F Denno
author_facet	Shannon M Murphy Gina M Wimp Danny Lewis Robert F Denno
author_sort	Shannon M Murphy
title	Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
title_short	Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
title_full	Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
title_fullStr	Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
title_full_unstemmed	Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
title_sort	nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecb2675e511c43b391f4328a49305f19
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Nutrient presses and pulses differentially impact plants, herbivores, detritivores and their natural enemies.

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