Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.

Visual search tasks have been used to understand how, where and when attention influences visual processing. Current theories suggest the involvement of a high-level "saliency map" that selects a candidate location to focus attentional resources. For a parallel (or "pop-out") tas...

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Autores principales:	Laura Dugué, Philippe Marque, Rufin VanRullen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecbc1f1b86e04b4eb62714fa67aede4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecbc1f1b86e04b4eb62714fa67aede4d2021-11-18T06:53:51ZTranscranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0019712https://doaj.org/article/ecbc1f1b86e04b4eb62714fa67aede4d2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21611188/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Visual search tasks have been used to understand how, where and when attention influences visual processing. Current theories suggest the involvement of a high-level "saliency map" that selects a candidate location to focus attentional resources. For a parallel (or "pop-out") task, the first chosen location is systematically the target, but for a serial (or "difficult") task, the system may cycle on a few distractors before finally focusing on the target. This implies that attentional effects upon early visual areas, involving feedback from higher areas, should be visible at longer latencies during serial search. A previous study from Juan & Walsh (2003) had used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to support this conclusion; however, only a few post-stimulus delays were compared, and no control TMS location was used. Here we applied TMS double-pulses (sub-threshold) to induce a transient inhibition of area V1 at every post-stimulus delay between 100 ms and 500 ms (50 ms steps). The search array was presented either at the location affected by the TMS pulses (previously identified by applying several pulses at supra-threshold intensity to induce phosphene perception), or in the opposite hemifield, which served as a retinotopically-defined control location. Two search tasks were used: a parallel (+ among Ls) and a serial one (T among Ls). TMS specifically impaired the serial, but not the parallel search. We highlight an involvement of V1 in serial search 300 ms after the onset; conversely, V1 did not contribute to parallel search at delays beyond 100 ms. This study supports the idea that serial search differs from parallel search by the presence of additional cycles of a select-and-focus iterative loop between V1 and higher-level areas.Laura DuguéPhilippe MarqueRufin VanRullenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e19712 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Laura Dugué Philippe Marque Rufin VanRullen Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
description	Visual search tasks have been used to understand how, where and when attention influences visual processing. Current theories suggest the involvement of a high-level "saliency map" that selects a candidate location to focus attentional resources. For a parallel (or "pop-out") task, the first chosen location is systematically the target, but for a serial (or "difficult") task, the system may cycle on a few distractors before finally focusing on the target. This implies that attentional effects upon early visual areas, involving feedback from higher areas, should be visible at longer latencies during serial search. A previous study from Juan & Walsh (2003) had used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to support this conclusion; however, only a few post-stimulus delays were compared, and no control TMS location was used. Here we applied TMS double-pulses (sub-threshold) to induce a transient inhibition of area V1 at every post-stimulus delay between 100 ms and 500 ms (50 ms steps). The search array was presented either at the location affected by the TMS pulses (previously identified by applying several pulses at supra-threshold intensity to induce phosphene perception), or in the opposite hemifield, which served as a retinotopically-defined control location. Two search tasks were used: a parallel (+ among Ls) and a serial one (T among Ls). TMS specifically impaired the serial, but not the parallel search. We highlight an involvement of V1 in serial search 300 ms after the onset; conversely, V1 did not contribute to parallel search at delays beyond 100 ms. This study supports the idea that serial search differs from parallel search by the presence of additional cycles of a select-and-focus iterative loop between V1 and higher-level areas.
format	article
author	Laura Dugué Philippe Marque Rufin VanRullen
author_facet	Laura Dugué Philippe Marque Rufin VanRullen
author_sort	Laura Dugué
title	Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
title_short	Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
title_full	Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
title_fullStr	Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
title_full_unstemmed	Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.
title_sort	transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area v1 during serial visual search.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecbc1f1b86e04b4eb62714fa67aede4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT lauradugue transcranialmagneticstimulationrevealsattentionalfeedbacktoareav1duringserialvisualsearch AT philippemarque transcranialmagneticstimulationrevealsattentionalfeedbacktoareav1duringserialvisualsearch AT rufinvanrullen transcranialmagneticstimulationrevealsattentionalfeedbacktoareav1duringserialvisualsearch
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals attentional feedback to area V1 during serial visual search.

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