Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade

After the European colonization of the Americas, there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viru...

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Autores principales:	Axel A Guzmán-Solís, Viridiana Villa-Islas, Miriam J Bravo-López, Marcela Sandoval-Velasco, Julie K Wesp, Jorge A Gómez-Valdés, María de la Luz Moreno-Cabrera, Alejandro Meraz, Gabriela Solís-Pichardo, Peter Schaaf, Benjamin R TenOever, Daniel Blanco-Melo, María C Ávila Arcos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2021
Materias:	aDNA Africa paleovirology B19V HBV paleogenomics Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecbf1d892ae443da8e114b98fcf320df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecbf1d892ae443da8e114b98fcf320df2021-11-25T12:35:00ZAncient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade10.7554/eLife.686122050-084Xe68612https://doaj.org/article/ecbf1d892ae443da8e114b98fcf320df2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/68612https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084XAfter the European colonization of the Americas, there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it to DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16th–18th century) where records suggest that victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.Axel A Guzmán-SolísViridiana Villa-IslasMiriam J Bravo-LópezMarcela Sandoval-VelascoJulie K WespJorge A Gómez-ValdésMaría de la Luz Moreno-CabreraAlejandro MerazGabriela Solís-PichardoPeter SchaafBenjamin R TenOeverDaniel Blanco-MeloMaría C Ávila ArcoseLife Sciences Publications LtdarticleaDNAAfricapaleovirologyB19VHBVpaleogenomicsMedicineRScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENeLife, Vol 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aDNA Africa paleovirology B19V HBV paleogenomics Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	aDNA Africa paleovirology B19V HBV paleogenomics Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Axel A Guzmán-Solís Viridiana Villa-Islas Miriam J Bravo-López Marcela Sandoval-Velasco Julie K Wesp Jorge A Gómez-Valdés María de la Luz Moreno-Cabrera Alejandro Meraz Gabriela Solís-Pichardo Peter Schaaf Benjamin R TenOever Daniel Blanco-Melo María C Ávila Arcos Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
description	After the European colonization of the Americas, there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it to DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16th–18th century) where records suggest that victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.
format	article
author	Axel A Guzmán-Solís Viridiana Villa-Islas Miriam J Bravo-López Marcela Sandoval-Velasco Julie K Wesp Jorge A Gómez-Valdés María de la Luz Moreno-Cabrera Alejandro Meraz Gabriela Solís-Pichardo Peter Schaaf Benjamin R TenOever Daniel Blanco-Melo María C Ávila Arcos
author_facet	Axel A Guzmán-Solís Viridiana Villa-Islas Miriam J Bravo-López Marcela Sandoval-Velasco Julie K Wesp Jorge A Gómez-Valdés María de la Luz Moreno-Cabrera Alejandro Meraz Gabriela Solís-Pichardo Peter Schaaf Benjamin R TenOever Daniel Blanco-Melo María C Ávila Arcos
author_sort	Axel A Guzmán-Solís
title	Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
title_short	Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
title_full	Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
title_fullStr	Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
title_full_unstemmed	Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
title_sort	ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecbf1d892ae443da8e114b98fcf320df
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Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade

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