On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes

The polypeptides encoded by the chloroplast <i>ndh</i> genes and some nuclear genes form the thylakoid NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the mitochondrial complex I. Except for Charophyceae (algae related to higher plants) and a few Prasinophyceae, all eukaryotic algae lack...

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Autor principal:	Bartolomé Sabater
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Ndh complex photosynthesis plant evolution plastid DNA stress protection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecdcc56d79b74b7abca8221c9c593e45
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecdcc56d79b74b7abca8221c9c593e452021-11-25T17:57:19ZOn the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes10.3390/ijms2222125051422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/ecdcc56d79b74b7abca8221c9c593e452021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12505https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The polypeptides encoded by the chloroplast <i>ndh</i> genes and some nuclear genes form the thylakoid NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the mitochondrial complex I. Except for Charophyceae (algae related to higher plants) and a few Prasinophyceae, all eukaryotic algae lack <i>ndh</i> genes. Among vascular plants, the <i>ndh</i> genes are absent in epiphytic and in some species scattered among different genera, families, and orders. The recent identification of many plants lacking plastid <i>ndh</i> genes allows comparison on phylogenetic trees and functional investigations of the <i>ndh</i> genes. The <i>ndh</i> genes protect Angiosperms under various terrestrial stresses, maintaining efficient photosynthesis. On the edge of dispensability, <i>ndh</i> genes provide a test for the natural selection of photosynthesis-related genes in evolution. Variable evolutionary environments place Angiosperms without <i>ndh</i> genes at risk of extinction and, probably, most extant ones may have lost <i>ndh</i> genes recently. Therefore, they are evolutionary endpoints in phylogenetic trees. The low number of sequenced plastid DNA and the long lifespan of some Gymnosperms lacking <i>ndh</i> genes challenge models about the role of <i>ndh</i> genes protecting against stress and promoting leaf senescence. Additional DNA sequencing in Gymnosperms and investigations into the molecular mechanisms of their response to stress will provide a unified model of the evolutionary and functional consequences of the lack of <i>ndh</i> genes.Bartolomé SabaterMDPI AGarticleNdh complexphotosynthesisplant evolutionplastid DNAstress protectionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12505, p 12505 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ndh complex photosynthesis plant evolution plastid DNA stress protection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Ndh complex photosynthesis plant evolution plastid DNA stress protection Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Bartolomé Sabater On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
description	The polypeptides encoded by the chloroplast <i>ndh</i> genes and some nuclear genes form the thylakoid NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the mitochondrial complex I. Except for Charophyceae (algae related to higher plants) and a few Prasinophyceae, all eukaryotic algae lack <i>ndh</i> genes. Among vascular plants, the <i>ndh</i> genes are absent in epiphytic and in some species scattered among different genera, families, and orders. The recent identification of many plants lacking plastid <i>ndh</i> genes allows comparison on phylogenetic trees and functional investigations of the <i>ndh</i> genes. The <i>ndh</i> genes protect Angiosperms under various terrestrial stresses, maintaining efficient photosynthesis. On the edge of dispensability, <i>ndh</i> genes provide a test for the natural selection of photosynthesis-related genes in evolution. Variable evolutionary environments place Angiosperms without <i>ndh</i> genes at risk of extinction and, probably, most extant ones may have lost <i>ndh</i> genes recently. Therefore, they are evolutionary endpoints in phylogenetic trees. The low number of sequenced plastid DNA and the long lifespan of some Gymnosperms lacking <i>ndh</i> genes challenge models about the role of <i>ndh</i> genes protecting against stress and promoting leaf senescence. Additional DNA sequencing in Gymnosperms and investigations into the molecular mechanisms of their response to stress will provide a unified model of the evolutionary and functional consequences of the lack of <i>ndh</i> genes.
format	article
author	Bartolomé Sabater
author_facet	Bartolomé Sabater
author_sort	Bartolomé Sabater
title	On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
title_short	On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
title_full	On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
title_fullStr	On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
title_full_unstemmed	On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes
title_sort	on the edge of dispensability, the chloroplast <i>ndh</i> genes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecdcc56d79b74b7abca8221c9c593e45
work_keys_str_mv	AT bartolomesabater ontheedgeofdispensabilitythechloroplastindhigenes
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On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast <i>ndh</i> Genes

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