Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.

Modern human populations differ in developmental processes and in several phenotypic traits. However, the link between ontogenetic variation and human diversification has not been frequently addressed. Here, we analysed craniofacial ontogenies by means of geometric-morphometrics of Europeans and Sou...

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Autores principales:	Marina L Sardi, Fernando V Ramírez Rozzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eceeb12827194d8e9336bc30664082f5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eceeb12827194d8e9336bc30664082f52021-11-18T07:20:30ZDifferent cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0035917https://doaj.org/article/eceeb12827194d8e9336bc30664082f52012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22558270/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Modern human populations differ in developmental processes and in several phenotypic traits. However, the link between ontogenetic variation and human diversification has not been frequently addressed. Here, we analysed craniofacial ontogenies by means of geometric-morphometrics of Europeans and Southern Africans, according to dental and chronological ages. Results suggest that different adult cranial morphologies between Southern Africans and Europeans arise by a combination of processes that involve traits modified during the prenatal life and others that diverge during early postnatal ontogeny. Main craniofacial changes indicate that Europeans differ from Southern Africans by increasing facial developmental rates and extending the attainment of adult size and shape. Since other studies have suggested that native subsaharan populations attain adulthood earlier than Europeans, it is probable that facial ontogeny is linked with other developmental mechanisms that control the timing of maturation in other variables. Southern Africans appear as retaining young features in adulthood. Facial ontogeny in Europeans produces taller and narrower noses, which seems as an adaptation to colder environments. The lack of these morphological traits in Neanderthals, who lived in cold environments, seems a paradox, but it is probably the consequence of a warm-adapted faces together with precocious maturation. When modern Homo sapiens migrated into Asia and Europe, colder environments might establish pressures that constrained facial growth and development in order to depart from the warm-adapted morphology. Our results provide some answers about how cranial growth and development occur in two human populations and when developmental shifts take place providing a better adaptation to environmental constraints.Marina L SardiFernando V Ramírez RozziPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e35917 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marina L Sardi Fernando V Ramírez Rozzi Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
description	Modern human populations differ in developmental processes and in several phenotypic traits. However, the link between ontogenetic variation and human diversification has not been frequently addressed. Here, we analysed craniofacial ontogenies by means of geometric-morphometrics of Europeans and Southern Africans, according to dental and chronological ages. Results suggest that different adult cranial morphologies between Southern Africans and Europeans arise by a combination of processes that involve traits modified during the prenatal life and others that diverge during early postnatal ontogeny. Main craniofacial changes indicate that Europeans differ from Southern Africans by increasing facial developmental rates and extending the attainment of adult size and shape. Since other studies have suggested that native subsaharan populations attain adulthood earlier than Europeans, it is probable that facial ontogeny is linked with other developmental mechanisms that control the timing of maturation in other variables. Southern Africans appear as retaining young features in adulthood. Facial ontogeny in Europeans produces taller and narrower noses, which seems as an adaptation to colder environments. The lack of these morphological traits in Neanderthals, who lived in cold environments, seems a paradox, but it is probably the consequence of a warm-adapted faces together with precocious maturation. When modern Homo sapiens migrated into Asia and Europe, colder environments might establish pressures that constrained facial growth and development in order to depart from the warm-adapted morphology. Our results provide some answers about how cranial growth and development occur in two human populations and when developmental shifts take place providing a better adaptation to environmental constraints.
format	article
author	Marina L Sardi Fernando V Ramírez Rozzi
author_facet	Marina L Sardi Fernando V Ramírez Rozzi
author_sort	Marina L Sardi
title	Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
title_short	Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
title_full	Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
title_fullStr	Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
title_full_unstemmed	Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.
title_sort	different cranial ontogeny in europeans and southern africans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/eceeb12827194d8e9336bc30664082f5
work_keys_str_mv	AT marinalsardi differentcranialontogenyineuropeansandsouthernafricans AT fernandovramirezrozzi differentcranialontogenyineuropeansandsouthernafricans
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Different cranial ontogeny in Europeans and Southern Africans.

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