α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.

α-Mangostin (αMG) has been reported to be an effective antimicrobial agent against planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-forming and acid-producing cariogenic organism. However, its anti-biofilm activity remains to be determined. We examined whether αMG, a xanthone purified from Garcin...

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Autores principales:	Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen, Megan L Falsetta, Geelsu Hwang, Mireya Gonzalez-Begne, Hyun Koo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ecfc625146fb4bffb99dffe06c088c6f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ecfc625146fb4bffb99dffe06c088c6f2021-11-25T05:55:11Zα-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0111312https://doaj.org/article/ecfc625146fb4bffb99dffe06c088c6f2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111312https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203α-Mangostin (αMG) has been reported to be an effective antimicrobial agent against planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-forming and acid-producing cariogenic organism. However, its anti-biofilm activity remains to be determined. We examined whether αMG, a xanthone purified from Garcinia mangostana L grown in Vietnam, disrupts the development, acidogenicity, and/or the mechanical stability of S. mutans biofilms. Treatment regimens simulating those experienced clinically (twice-daily, 60 s exposure each) were used to assess the bioactivity of αMG using a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) biofilm model. Topical applications of early-formed biofilms with αMG (150 µM) effectively reduced further biomass accumulation and disrupted the 3D architecture of S. mutans biofilms. Biofilms treated with αMG had lower amounts of extracellular insoluble and intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides (30-45%) than those treated with vehicle control (P<0.05), while the number of viable bacterial counts was unaffected. Furthermore, αMG treatments significantly compromised the mechanical stability of the biofilm, facilitating its removal from the sHA surface when subjected to a constant shear stress of 0.809 N/m2 (>3-fold biofilm detachment from sHA vs. vehicle-treated biofilms; P<0.05). Moreover, acid production by S. mutans biofilms was disrupted following αMG treatments (vs. vehicle-control, P<0.05). The activity of enzymes associated with glucan synthesis, acid production, and acid tolerance (glucosyltransferases B and C, phosphotransferase-PTS system, and F1F0-ATPase) were significantly inhibited by αMG. The expression of manL, encoding a key component of the mannose PTS, and gtfB were slightly repressed by αMG treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of atpD (encoding F-ATPase) and gtfC genes was unaffected. Hence, this study reveals that brief exposures to αMG can disrupt the development and structural integrity of S. mutans biofilms, at least in part via inhibition of key enzymatic systems associated with exopolysaccharide synthesis and acidogenicity. αMG could be an effective anti-virulence additive for the control and/or removal of cariogenic biofilms.Phuong Thi Mai NguyenMegan L FalsettaGeelsu HwangMireya Gonzalez-BegneHyun KooPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e111312 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen Megan L Falsetta Geelsu Hwang Mireya Gonzalez-Begne Hyun Koo α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
description	α-Mangostin (αMG) has been reported to be an effective antimicrobial agent against planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-forming and acid-producing cariogenic organism. However, its anti-biofilm activity remains to be determined. We examined whether αMG, a xanthone purified from Garcinia mangostana L grown in Vietnam, disrupts the development, acidogenicity, and/or the mechanical stability of S. mutans biofilms. Treatment regimens simulating those experienced clinically (twice-daily, 60 s exposure each) were used to assess the bioactivity of αMG using a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) biofilm model. Topical applications of early-formed biofilms with αMG (150 µM) effectively reduced further biomass accumulation and disrupted the 3D architecture of S. mutans biofilms. Biofilms treated with αMG had lower amounts of extracellular insoluble and intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides (30-45%) than those treated with vehicle control (P<0.05), while the number of viable bacterial counts was unaffected. Furthermore, αMG treatments significantly compromised the mechanical stability of the biofilm, facilitating its removal from the sHA surface when subjected to a constant shear stress of 0.809 N/m2 (>3-fold biofilm detachment from sHA vs. vehicle-treated biofilms; P<0.05). Moreover, acid production by S. mutans biofilms was disrupted following αMG treatments (vs. vehicle-control, P<0.05). The activity of enzymes associated with glucan synthesis, acid production, and acid tolerance (glucosyltransferases B and C, phosphotransferase-PTS system, and F1F0-ATPase) were significantly inhibited by αMG. The expression of manL, encoding a key component of the mannose PTS, and gtfB were slightly repressed by αMG treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of atpD (encoding F-ATPase) and gtfC genes was unaffected. Hence, this study reveals that brief exposures to αMG can disrupt the development and structural integrity of S. mutans biofilms, at least in part via inhibition of key enzymatic systems associated with exopolysaccharide synthesis and acidogenicity. αMG could be an effective anti-virulence additive for the control and/or removal of cariogenic biofilms.
format	article
author	Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen Megan L Falsetta Geelsu Hwang Mireya Gonzalez-Begne Hyun Koo
author_facet	Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen Megan L Falsetta Geelsu Hwang Mireya Gonzalez-Begne Hyun Koo
author_sort	Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
title	α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
title_short	α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
title_full	α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
title_fullStr	α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
title_full_unstemmed	α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
title_sort	α-mangostin disrupts the development of streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/ecfc625146fb4bffb99dffe06c088c6f
work_keys_str_mv	AT phuongthimainguyen amangostindisruptsthedevelopmentofstreptococcusmutansbiofilmsandfacilitatesitsmechanicalremoval AT meganlfalsetta amangostindisruptsthedevelopmentofstreptococcusmutansbiofilmsandfacilitatesitsmechanicalremoval AT geelsuhwang amangostindisruptsthedevelopmentofstreptococcusmutansbiofilmsandfacilitatesitsmechanicalremoval AT mireyagonzalezbegne amangostindisruptsthedevelopmentofstreptococcusmutansbiofilmsandfacilitatesitsmechanicalremoval AT hyunkoo amangostindisruptsthedevelopmentofstreptococcusmutansbiofilmsandfacilitatesitsmechanicalremoval
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α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.

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