Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estro...

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Autores principales:	Micaela Giani, Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol, Gloria Peiró, Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breast cancer carotenoids bacterioruberin oxidative stress antioxidant pro-oxidant Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ed0462af67604934a2deb5bd0d4fa142
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ed0462af67604934a2deb5bd0d4fa1422021-11-25T18:12:40ZHalophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine10.3390/md191105941660-3397https://doaj.org/article/ed0462af67604934a2deb5bd0d4fa1422021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/594https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor—RE—/progesterone receptor—PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor—HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.Micaela GianiYoel Genaro Montoyo-PujolGloria PeiróRosa María Martínez-EspinosaMDPI AGarticlebreast cancercarotenoidsbacterioruberinoxidative stressantioxidantpro-oxidantBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMarine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 594, p 594 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breast cancer carotenoids bacterioruberin oxidative stress antioxidant pro-oxidant Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	breast cancer carotenoids bacterioruberin oxidative stress antioxidant pro-oxidant Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Micaela Giani Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol Gloria Peiró Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
description	Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor—RE—/progesterone receptor—PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor—HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.
format	article
author	Micaela Giani Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol Gloria Peiró Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
author_facet	Micaela Giani Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol Gloria Peiró Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
author_sort	Micaela Giani
title	Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
title_short	Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
title_full	Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
title_fullStr	Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
title_full_unstemmed	Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine
title_sort	halophilic carotenoids and breast cancer: from salt marshes to biomedicine
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ed0462af67604934a2deb5bd0d4fa142
work_keys_str_mv	AT micaelagiani halophiliccarotenoidsandbreastcancerfromsaltmarshestobiomedicine AT yoelgenaromontoyopujol halophiliccarotenoidsandbreastcancerfromsaltmarshestobiomedicine AT gloriapeiro halophiliccarotenoidsandbreastcancerfromsaltmarshestobiomedicine AT rosamariamartinezespinosa halophiliccarotenoidsandbreastcancerfromsaltmarshestobiomedicine
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Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine

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