Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamocortical circuitry. While defective motor control has long been considered the defining symptom of PD, mounting evidence indicates that the BG are...

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Autores principales:	Giorgia Ponsi, Marina Scattolin, Riccardo Villa, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ed4ea1b6920d4e97ae5b6a6f52363efa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ed4ea1b6920d4e97ae5b6a6f52363efa2021-12-02T15:53:45ZHuman moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease10.1038/s41531-021-00167-w2373-8057https://doaj.org/article/ed4ea1b6920d4e97ae5b6a6f52363efa2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-021-00167-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-8057Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamocortical circuitry. While defective motor control has long been considered the defining symptom of PD, mounting evidence indicates that the BG are fundamentally important for a multitude of cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes in addition to motor function. Here, we review alterations in moral decision-making in people with PD, specifically in the context of deceptive behavior. We report that PD patients exhibit two opposite behavioral patterns: hyper- and hypo-honesty. The hyper-honest subgroup engages in deception less often than matched controls, even when lying is associated with a monetary payoff. This behavioral pattern seems to be linked to dopaminergic hypo-activity, implying enhanced harm avoidance, risk aversion, non-impulsivity, and reduced reward sensitivity. On the contrary, the hypo-honest subgroup—often characterized by the additional diagnosis of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)—deceives more often than both PD patients without ICDs/DDS and controls. This behavioral pattern appears to be associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity, which underpins enhanced novelty-seeking, risk-proneness, impulsivity, and reward sensitivity. We posit that these two complementary behavioral patterns might be related to dysfunction of the dopaminergic reward system, leading to reduced or enhanced motivation to deceive. Only a few studies have directly investigated moral decision-making in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting the BG, and further research on the causal role of subcortical structures in shaping moral behavior is needed.Giorgia PonsiMarina ScattolinRiccardo VillaSalvatore Maria AgliotiNature PortfolioarticleNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENnpj Parkinson's Disease, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Giorgia Ponsi Marina Scattolin Riccardo Villa Salvatore Maria Aglioti Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
description	Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamocortical circuitry. While defective motor control has long been considered the defining symptom of PD, mounting evidence indicates that the BG are fundamentally important for a multitude of cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes in addition to motor function. Here, we review alterations in moral decision-making in people with PD, specifically in the context of deceptive behavior. We report that PD patients exhibit two opposite behavioral patterns: hyper- and hypo-honesty. The hyper-honest subgroup engages in deception less often than matched controls, even when lying is associated with a monetary payoff. This behavioral pattern seems to be linked to dopaminergic hypo-activity, implying enhanced harm avoidance, risk aversion, non-impulsivity, and reduced reward sensitivity. On the contrary, the hypo-honest subgroup—often characterized by the additional diagnosis of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)—deceives more often than both PD patients without ICDs/DDS and controls. This behavioral pattern appears to be associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity, which underpins enhanced novelty-seeking, risk-proneness, impulsivity, and reward sensitivity. We posit that these two complementary behavioral patterns might be related to dysfunction of the dopaminergic reward system, leading to reduced or enhanced motivation to deceive. Only a few studies have directly investigated moral decision-making in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting the BG, and further research on the causal role of subcortical structures in shaping moral behavior is needed.
format	article
author	Giorgia Ponsi Marina Scattolin Riccardo Villa Salvatore Maria Aglioti
author_facet	Giorgia Ponsi Marina Scattolin Riccardo Villa Salvatore Maria Aglioti
author_sort	Giorgia Ponsi
title	Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
title_short	Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
title_full	Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr	Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed	Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease
title_sort	human moral decision-making through the lens of parkinson’s disease
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ed4ea1b6920d4e97ae5b6a6f52363efa
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Human moral decision-making through the lens of Parkinson’s disease

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