Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges

Horace Massa,1,* Spyros Y Pipis,2,* Temilade Adewoyin,2 Athanasios Vergados,2 Sudeshna Patra,2 Georgios D Panos2,* 1Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 2Eye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK*These authors...

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Autores principales:	Massa H, Pipis SY, Adewoyin T, Vergados A, Patra S, Panos GD
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	non infectious uveitis macular edema NSAIDs anti-TNF alpha corticosteroids immunomodulators Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ed598200caeb488bb2a0f4daa0acebe8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ed598200caeb488bb2a0f4daa0acebe82021-12-02T00:05:03ZMacular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/ed598200caeb488bb2a0f4daa0acebe82019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/macular-edema-associated-with-non-infectious-uveitis-pathophysiology-e-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Horace Massa,1,* Spyros Y Pipis,2,* Temilade Adewoyin,2 Athanasios Vergados,2 Sudeshna Patra,2 Georgios D Panos2,* 1Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 2Eye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Georgios D PanosEye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Road, Leytonstone, E11 1NR London, UKTel +44 208 539 5522Email gdpanos@gmail.comAbstract: Macular edema (ME) is the most common sight-threatening complication in uveitis. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of the uveitic macular edema (UME) might be challenging due to the complex diagnostic workup and the difficulties physicians face to find the underlying cause, and due to its usually recurrent nature and the fact that it can be refractory to conventional treatment. Some of the mild cases can be treated with topical steroids, which can be combined with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, immunomodulators such as methotrexate, tacrolimus, azathioprine, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil together with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF alpha) monoclonal antibodies such as adalimumab and infliximab, may be required to control the inflammation and the associated ME in refractory cases, or when an underlying disease is present. This review of the literature will focus mostly on the non-infectious UME.Keywords: non-infectious uveitis, macular edema, NSAIDs, anti-TNF alpha, corticosteroids, immunomodulators  Massa HPipis SYAdewoyin TVergados APatra SPanos GDDove Medical Pressarticlenon infectious uveitismacular edemaNSAIDsanti-TNF alphacorticosteroidsimmunomodulatorsOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1761-1777 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non infectious uveitis macular edema NSAIDs anti-TNF alpha corticosteroids immunomodulators Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	non infectious uveitis macular edema NSAIDs anti-TNF alpha corticosteroids immunomodulators Ophthalmology RE1-994 Massa H Pipis SY Adewoyin T Vergados A Patra S Panos GD Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
description	Horace Massa,1,* Spyros Y Pipis,2,* Temilade Adewoyin,2 Athanasios Vergados,2 Sudeshna Patra,2 Georgios D Panos2,* 1Department of Ophthalmology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 2Eye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Georgios D PanosEye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whipps Cross Road, Leytonstone, E11 1NR London, UKTel +44 208 539 5522Email gdpanos@gmail.comAbstract: Macular edema (ME) is the most common sight-threatening complication in uveitis. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of the uveitic macular edema (UME) might be challenging due to the complex diagnostic workup and the difficulties physicians face to find the underlying cause, and due to its usually recurrent nature and the fact that it can be refractory to conventional treatment. Some of the mild cases can be treated with topical steroids, which can be combined with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, immunomodulators such as methotrexate, tacrolimus, azathioprine, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil together with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF alpha) monoclonal antibodies such as adalimumab and infliximab, may be required to control the inflammation and the associated ME in refractory cases, or when an underlying disease is present. This review of the literature will focus mostly on the non-infectious UME.Keywords: non-infectious uveitis, macular edema, NSAIDs, anti-TNF alpha, corticosteroids, immunomodulators
format	article
author	Massa H Pipis SY Adewoyin T Vergados A Patra S Panos GD
author_facet	Massa H Pipis SY Adewoyin T Vergados A Patra S Panos GD
author_sort	Massa H
title	Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
title_short	Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
title_full	Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
title_fullStr	Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
title_full_unstemmed	Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
title_sort	macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/ed598200caeb488bb2a0f4daa0acebe8
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Macular edema associated with non-infectious uveitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevalence, impact and management challenges

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