The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Wate...

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Autores principales:	Hilmi S. Salem, Yohannes Yihdego, Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	agricultural irrigation freshwater resources health and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewater occupied palestinian territories (opt) wastewater characteristics water shortage and scarcity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed2021-11-06T05:46:08ZThe status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories1477-89201996-782910.2166/wh.2020.216https://doaj.org/article/ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/1/120https://doaj.org/toc/1477-8920https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7829Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated wastewater as an additional water resource in the national water resources' management plans of Mediterranean countries. The use of wastewater for irrigation is an important tool for water resources' supplement. However, the reuse of effluent in irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Furthermore, inappropriate management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also pose problems for plant production and the physical and chemical properties of soils. This paper presents some approaches to understand the impacts of reusing treated wastewater. It also presents a critical analysis of the treated wastewater's reuse for irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), while shedding light on the water status in the OPT. The paper investigates the wastewater treatment and reuse for agricultural irrigation, especially in the lack of control of Palestinians on their own freshwater resources in the OPT.Hilmi S. SalemYohannes YihdegoHadi Hamaaziz MuhammedIWA Publishingarticleagricultural irrigationfreshwater resourceshealth and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewateroccupied palestinian territories (opt)wastewater characteristicswater shortage and scarcityPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 120-158 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agricultural irrigation freshwater resources health and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewater occupied palestinian territories (opt) wastewater characteristics water shortage and scarcity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	agricultural irrigation freshwater resources health and environmental impacts of reusing treated wastewater occupied palestinian territories (opt) wastewater characteristics water shortage and scarcity Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
description	Global freshwater scarcity is imposing the demand for using non-conventional water resources for irrigation and non-irrigation purposes. Direct reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation is a widespread practice in arid and semi-arid regions, because of water shortage and scarcity. Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated wastewater as an additional water resource in the national water resources' management plans of Mediterranean countries. The use of wastewater for irrigation is an important tool for water resources' supplement. However, the reuse of effluent in irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Furthermore, inappropriate management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also pose problems for plant production and the physical and chemical properties of soils. This paper presents some approaches to understand the impacts of reusing treated wastewater. It also presents a critical analysis of the treated wastewater's reuse for irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), while shedding light on the water status in the OPT. The paper investigates the wastewater treatment and reuse for agricultural irrigation, especially in the lack of control of Palestinians on their own freshwater resources in the OPT.
format	article
author	Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
author_facet	Hilmi S. Salem Yohannes Yihdego Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
author_sort	Hilmi S. Salem
title	The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
title_short	The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
title_full	The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
title_fullStr	The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
title_full_unstemmed	The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
title_sort	status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the occupied palestinian territories
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ed64b9f5c3fa42b4a7f9c819d7e6eaed
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The status of freshwater and reused treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

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