Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century

Biological attacks by terrorists may seem more like a plot element in an action film than a realistic threat. The possibility of biological weapons attack could be very remote. Scholars are divergent in their opinions on the plausibility of a biological attack. The U.S. Office of the Director of Nat...

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Autor principal:	Abdulrazaq O. Abdulkadir
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	UUM Press 2016
Materias:	bio-weapons bio-terrorism shipping International relations JZ2-6530
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ed857e24b3154b3bb96bc161789a2c29
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ed857e24b3154b3bb96bc161789a2c292021-11-21T01:44:12ZBio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century10.32890/jis2016.12.81823-691Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ed857e24b3154b3bb96bc161789a2c292016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/jis2016.12.8https://doaj.org/toc/1823-691XBiological attacks by terrorists may seem more like a plot element in an action film than a realistic threat. The possibility of biological weapons attack could be very remote. Scholars are divergent in their opinions on the plausibility of a biological attack. The U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the National Intelligence Council stated in 2008 that bio-terrorism is a more likely threat than nuclear terrorism. Researches have revealed that of all weapons of mass destruction, biological weapons constitute the greatest worry. The most likely target for bio-terrorism is a major city or other densely crowded areas, such as transportation hubs like sea ports. This paper probes into Nigerian legislations especially the Nigerian Port Authority Act, the NIMASA Act, the Terrorism Act and the NAFDAC Act regarding biological weapons and bio-terrorism in maritime commerce parlance. It is observed in this paper that all these Acts lack preventive mechanisms in the case of the emergence of the scourge. It is argued that Nigeria is vulnerable to bio-terrorism owing to a dearth of detective measure in the boarder ports. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need to revamp the legal framework to tame the threat of bio-terrorism. Abdulrazaq O. AbdulkadirUUM Pressarticlebio-weaponsbio-terrorismshippingInternational relationsJZ2-6530ENJournal of International Studies, Vol 12, Pp 111-125 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bio-weapons bio-terrorism shipping International relations JZ2-6530
spellingShingle	bio-weapons bio-terrorism shipping International relations JZ2-6530 Abdulrazaq O. Abdulkadir Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
description	Biological attacks by terrorists may seem more like a plot element in an action film than a realistic threat. The possibility of biological weapons attack could be very remote. Scholars are divergent in their opinions on the plausibility of a biological attack. The U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the National Intelligence Council stated in 2008 that bio-terrorism is a more likely threat than nuclear terrorism. Researches have revealed that of all weapons of mass destruction, biological weapons constitute the greatest worry. The most likely target for bio-terrorism is a major city or other densely crowded areas, such as transportation hubs like sea ports. This paper probes into Nigerian legislations especially the Nigerian Port Authority Act, the NIMASA Act, the Terrorism Act and the NAFDAC Act regarding biological weapons and bio-terrorism in maritime commerce parlance. It is observed in this paper that all these Acts lack preventive mechanisms in the case of the emergence of the scourge. It is argued that Nigeria is vulnerable to bio-terrorism owing to a dearth of detective measure in the boarder ports. The paper concludes that there is an urgent need to revamp the legal framework to tame the threat of bio-terrorism.
format	article
author	Abdulrazaq O. Abdulkadir
author_facet	Abdulrazaq O. Abdulkadir
author_sort	Abdulrazaq O. Abdulkadir
title	Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
title_short	Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
title_full	Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
title_fullStr	Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
title_full_unstemmed	Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century
title_sort	bio-weapons and bio-terrorism attacks on commercial shipping in nigeria: the potential trojan horse of the 21st century
publisher	UUM Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/ed857e24b3154b3bb96bc161789a2c29
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdulrazaqoabdulkadir bioweaponsandbioterrorismattacksoncommercialshippinginnigeriathepotentialtrojanhorseofthe21stcentury
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Bio-weapons and Bio-terrorism Attacks on Commercial Shipping in Nigeria: The Potential Trojan Horse of the 21st Century

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