pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation

Chang Hyun Kim,1,* Cheol-Ki Sa,1,* Min Su Goh,1 Eun Seok Lee,1 Tae Hoon Kang,1 Ho Yub Yoon,1 Gantumur Battogtokh,2 Young Tag Ko,2 Young Wook Choi1 1College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea *These author...

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Autores principales:	Kim CH, Sa CK, Goh MS, Lee ES, Kang TH, Yoon HY, Battogtokh G, Ko YT, Choi YW
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	cleavable PEG cancer targeting tumor spheroid steric stabilization cellular uptake Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/edaa7ba6980a471a94bbab7027acdaa2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:edaa7ba6980a471a94bbab7027acdaa22021-12-02T06:57:12ZpH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/edaa7ba6980a471a94bbab7027acdaa22018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/ph-sensitive-pegylation-of-ripl-peptide-conjugated-nanostructured-lipi-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Chang Hyun Kim,1,* Cheol-Ki Sa,1,* Min Su Goh,1 Eun Seok Lee,1 Tae Hoon Kang,1 Ho Yub Yoon,1 Gantumur Battogtokh,2 Young Tag Ko,2 Young Wook Choi1 1College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) can facilitate selective drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, but they exhibit low stability in the blood. Generally, biocompatible and nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) can enhance NLC stability, although this may impair drug delivery and NLC clearance. To attain RIPL-NLC steric stabilization without impairing function, pH-sensitive cleavable PEG (cPEG) was grafted onto RIPL-NLCs (cPEG-RIPL-NLCs).Methods: Various types of NLC formulations including RIPL-NLCs, PEG-RIPL-NLCs, and cPEG-RIPL-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and cytotoxicity. The steric stabilization effect was evaluated by plasma protein adsorption and phagocytosis inhibition studies. pH-sensitive cleavage was investigated using the dialysis method under different pH conditions. Employing a fluorescent probe (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI]), in vitro drug delivery capacity of the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs under different pH conditions was also performed on Hpn-expressing SKOV3 cells and 3D-tumor spheroids.Results: All prepared NLCs showed homogenous dispersion (<220 nm in size) with a negative ZP (−18 to −22 mV), except for positively charged RIPL-NLCs (~10 mV), revealing no significant cytotoxicity in either SKOV3 or RAW 264.7 cell lines. cPEG-RIPL-NLC protein adsorption was 1.75-fold less than that of RIPL-NLCs, and PEGylation significantly reduced the macrophage uptake. PEG detachment from the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs was pH-sensitive and time dependent. At 2 hours incubation, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs and PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited comparable cellular uptake at pH 7.4, whereas cPEG-RIPL-NLC uptake was increased over 2-fold at pH 6.5. 3D-spheroid penetration also demonstrated pH-sensitivity: at pH 7.4, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs could not penetrate deep into the spheroid core region during 2 hours, whereas at pH 6.5, high fluorescence intensity in the core region was observed for both cPEG-RIPL-NLC- and RIPL-NLC-treated groups.Conclusion: cPEG-RIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting in conjunction with pH-responsive PEG cleavage. Keywords: cleavable PEG, cancer targeting, tumor spheroid, steric stabilization, cellular uptakeKim CHSa CKGoh MSLee ESKang THYoon HYBattogtokh GKo YTChoi YWDove Medical Pressarticlecleavable PEGcancer targetingtumor spheroidsteric stabilizationcellular uptakeMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 6661-6675 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cleavable PEG cancer targeting tumor spheroid steric stabilization cellular uptake Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	cleavable PEG cancer targeting tumor spheroid steric stabilization cellular uptake Medicine (General) R5-920 Kim CH Sa CK Goh MS Lee ES Kang TH Yoon HY Battogtokh G Ko YT Choi YW pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
description	Chang Hyun Kim,1,* Cheol-Ki Sa,1,* Min Su Goh,1 Eun Seok Lee,1 Tae Hoon Kang,1 Ho Yub Yoon,1 Gantumur Battogtokh,2 Young Tag Ko,2 Young Wook Choi1 1College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) can facilitate selective drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, but they exhibit low stability in the blood. Generally, biocompatible and nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) can enhance NLC stability, although this may impair drug delivery and NLC clearance. To attain RIPL-NLC steric stabilization without impairing function, pH-sensitive cleavable PEG (cPEG) was grafted onto RIPL-NLCs (cPEG-RIPL-NLCs).Methods: Various types of NLC formulations including RIPL-NLCs, PEG-RIPL-NLCs, and cPEG-RIPL-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and cytotoxicity. The steric stabilization effect was evaluated by plasma protein adsorption and phagocytosis inhibition studies. pH-sensitive cleavage was investigated using the dialysis method under different pH conditions. Employing a fluorescent probe (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate [DiI]), in vitro drug delivery capacity of the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs under different pH conditions was also performed on Hpn-expressing SKOV3 cells and 3D-tumor spheroids.Results: All prepared NLCs showed homogenous dispersion (<220 nm in size) with a negative ZP (−18 to −22 mV), except for positively charged RIPL-NLCs (~10 mV), revealing no significant cytotoxicity in either SKOV3 or RAW 264.7 cell lines. cPEG-RIPL-NLC protein adsorption was 1.75-fold less than that of RIPL-NLCs, and PEGylation significantly reduced the macrophage uptake. PEG detachment from the cPEG-RIPL-NLCs was pH-sensitive and time dependent. At 2 hours incubation, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs and PEG-RIPL-NLCs exhibited comparable cellular uptake at pH 7.4, whereas cPEG-RIPL-NLC uptake was increased over 2-fold at pH 6.5. 3D-spheroid penetration also demonstrated pH-sensitivity: at pH 7.4, cPEG-RIPL-NLCs could not penetrate deep into the spheroid core region during 2 hours, whereas at pH 6.5, high fluorescence intensity in the core region was observed for both cPEG-RIPL-NLC- and RIPL-NLC-treated groups.Conclusion: cPEG-RIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting in conjunction with pH-responsive PEG cleavage. Keywords: cleavable PEG, cancer targeting, tumor spheroid, steric stabilization, cellular uptake
format	article
author	Kim CH Sa CK Goh MS Lee ES Kang TH Yoon HY Battogtokh G Ko YT Choi YW
author_facet	Kim CH Sa CK Goh MS Lee ES Kang TH Yoon HY Battogtokh G Ko YT Choi YW
author_sort	Kim CH
title	pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
title_short	pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
title_full	pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
title_fullStr	pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
title_full_unstemmed	pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
title_sort	ph-sensitive pegylation of ripl peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/edaa7ba6980a471a94bbab7027acdaa2
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_version_	1718399669279653888

pH-sensitive PEGylation of RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers: design and in vitro evaluation

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