The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis

The benzyl alcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, N-hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilate benzoyl transferase, and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (BAHD) enzymes play a critical role in regulating plant metabolites and affecting cell stability. In the present study...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah, Sahar Faraji, Parviz Heidari, Péter Poczai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	BAHD superfamily in silico analysis phylogenetics Phytophthora megakarya biotic stresses Theobroma cacao Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ede1cc96d2de467f9da779f19ac3042e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ede1cc96d2de467f9da779f19ac3042e2021-11-04T08:21:24ZThe BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis2296-701X10.3389/fevo.2021.707708https://doaj.org/article/ede1cc96d2de467f9da779f19ac3042e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.707708/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XThe benzyl alcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, N-hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilate benzoyl transferase, and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (BAHD) enzymes play a critical role in regulating plant metabolites and affecting cell stability. In the present study, members of the BAHD gene family were recognized in the genome of Theobroma cacao and characterized using various bioinformatics tools. We found 27 non-redundant putative tcBAHD genes in cacao for the first time. Our findings indicate that tcBAHD genes are diverse based on sequence structure, physiochemical properties, and function. When analyzed with BAHDs of Gossypium raimondii and Corchorus capsularis clustered into four main groups. According to phylogenetic analysis, BAHD genes probably evolved drastically after their divergence. The divergence time of duplication events with purifying selection pressure was predicted to range from 1.82 to 15.50 MYA. Pocket analysis revealed that serine amino acid is more common in the binding site than other residuals, reflecting its key role in regulating the activity of tcBAHDs. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to the responsiveness of stress and hormone, particularly ABA and MeJA, were frequently observed in the promoter region of tcBAHD genes. RNA-seq analysis further illustrated that tcBAHD13 and tcBAHD26 are involved in response to Phytophthora megakarya fungi. In conclusion, it is likely that evolutionary processes, such as duplication events, have caused high diversity in the structure and function of tcBAHD genes. AbdullahSahar FarajiParviz HeidariPéter PoczaiPéter PoczaiFrontiers Media S.A.articleBAHD superfamilyin silico analysisphylogeneticsPhytophthora megakaryabiotic stressesTheobroma cacaoEvolutionQH359-425EcologyQH540-549.5ENFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	BAHD superfamily in silico analysis phylogenetics Phytophthora megakarya biotic stresses Theobroma cacao Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	BAHD superfamily in silico analysis phylogenetics Phytophthora megakarya biotic stresses Theobroma cacao Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5 Abdullah Sahar Faraji Parviz Heidari Péter Poczai Péter Poczai The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
description	The benzyl alcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, N-hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilate benzoyl transferase, and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (BAHD) enzymes play a critical role in regulating plant metabolites and affecting cell stability. In the present study, members of the BAHD gene family were recognized in the genome of Theobroma cacao and characterized using various bioinformatics tools. We found 27 non-redundant putative tcBAHD genes in cacao for the first time. Our findings indicate that tcBAHD genes are diverse based on sequence structure, physiochemical properties, and function. When analyzed with BAHDs of Gossypium raimondii and Corchorus capsularis clustered into four main groups. According to phylogenetic analysis, BAHD genes probably evolved drastically after their divergence. The divergence time of duplication events with purifying selection pressure was predicted to range from 1.82 to 15.50 MYA. Pocket analysis revealed that serine amino acid is more common in the binding site than other residuals, reflecting its key role in regulating the activity of tcBAHDs. Furthermore, cis-acting elements related to the responsiveness of stress and hormone, particularly ABA and MeJA, were frequently observed in the promoter region of tcBAHD genes. RNA-seq analysis further illustrated that tcBAHD13 and tcBAHD26 are involved in response to Phytophthora megakarya fungi. In conclusion, it is likely that evolutionary processes, such as duplication events, have caused high diversity in the structure and function of tcBAHD genes.
format	article
author	Abdullah Sahar Faraji Parviz Heidari Péter Poczai Péter Poczai
author_facet	Abdullah Sahar Faraji Parviz Heidari Péter Poczai Péter Poczai
author_sort	Abdullah
title	The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
title_short	The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
title_full	The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
title_fullStr	The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis
title_sort	bahd gene family in cacao (theobroma cacao, malvaceae): genome-wide identification and expression analysis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ede1cc96d2de467f9da779f19ac3042e
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The BAHD Gene Family in Cacao (Theobroma cacao, Malvaceae): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis

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