Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era

Abstract Background Emerging cross-sectional data indicate that healthcare workers (HCWs) in the COVID-19 era face particular mental health risks. Moral injury – a betrayal of one’s values and beliefs, is a potential concern for HCWs who witness the devastating impact of acute COVID-19 illness while...

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Autores principales:	Doron Amsalem, Amit Lazarov, John C. Markowitz, Aliza Naiman, Thomas E. Smith, Lisa B. Dixon, Yuval Neria
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Healthcare COVID-19 Depression Anxiety PTSD Moral injury Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ede46a1dde9543b0b32057e1b0299779
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ede46a1dde9543b0b32057e1b02997792021-11-07T12:08:29ZPsychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era10.1186/s12888-021-03565-91471-244Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ede46a1dde9543b0b32057e1b02997792021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03565-9https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244XAbstract Background Emerging cross-sectional data indicate that healthcare workers (HCWs) in the COVID-19 era face particular mental health risks. Moral injury – a betrayal of one’s values and beliefs, is a potential concern for HCWs who witness the devastating impact of acute COVID-19 illness while too often feeling helpless to respond. This study longitudinally examined rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and moral injury among United States HCWs in the COVID-19 era. We anticipated finding high levels of clinical symptoms and moral injury that would remain stable over time. We also expected to find positive correlations between clinical symptoms and moral injury. Methods This three-wave study assessed clinical symptoms and moral injury among 350 HCWs at baseline, 30, and 90 days between September and December 2020. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and moral injury were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD), and Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). Results Of the 350 HCWs, 72% reported probable anxiety, depression, and/or PTSD disorders at baseline, 62% at day 30, and 64% at day 90. High level of moral injury was associated with a range of psychopathology including suicidal ideation, especially among healthcare workers self-reporting COVID-19 exposure. Conclusions Findings demonstrate broad, persisting, and diverse mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among United States HCWs. This study is the first to longitudinally examine the relationships between moral injury and psychopathology among HCWs, emphasizing the need to increase HCWs’ access to mental healthcare.Doron AmsalemAmit LazarovJohn C. MarkowitzAliza NaimanThomas E. SmithLisa B. DixonYuval NeriaBMCarticleHealthcareCOVID-19DepressionAnxietyPTSDMoral injuryPsychiatryRC435-571ENBMC Psychiatry, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Healthcare COVID-19 Depression Anxiety PTSD Moral injury Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	Healthcare COVID-19 Depression Anxiety PTSD Moral injury Psychiatry RC435-571 Doron Amsalem Amit Lazarov John C. Markowitz Aliza Naiman Thomas E. Smith Lisa B. Dixon Yuval Neria Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
description	Abstract Background Emerging cross-sectional data indicate that healthcare workers (HCWs) in the COVID-19 era face particular mental health risks. Moral injury – a betrayal of one’s values and beliefs, is a potential concern for HCWs who witness the devastating impact of acute COVID-19 illness while too often feeling helpless to respond. This study longitudinally examined rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and moral injury among United States HCWs in the COVID-19 era. We anticipated finding high levels of clinical symptoms and moral injury that would remain stable over time. We also expected to find positive correlations between clinical symptoms and moral injury. Methods This three-wave study assessed clinical symptoms and moral injury among 350 HCWs at baseline, 30, and 90 days between September and December 2020. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and moral injury were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD), and Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). Results Of the 350 HCWs, 72% reported probable anxiety, depression, and/or PTSD disorders at baseline, 62% at day 30, and 64% at day 90. High level of moral injury was associated with a range of psychopathology including suicidal ideation, especially among healthcare workers self-reporting COVID-19 exposure. Conclusions Findings demonstrate broad, persisting, and diverse mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among United States HCWs. This study is the first to longitudinally examine the relationships between moral injury and psychopathology among HCWs, emphasizing the need to increase HCWs’ access to mental healthcare.
format	article
author	Doron Amsalem Amit Lazarov John C. Markowitz Aliza Naiman Thomas E. Smith Lisa B. Dixon Yuval Neria
author_facet	Doron Amsalem Amit Lazarov John C. Markowitz Aliza Naiman Thomas E. Smith Lisa B. Dixon Yuval Neria
author_sort	Doron Amsalem
title	Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
title_short	Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
title_full	Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
title_fullStr	Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
title_full_unstemmed	Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era
title_sort	psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among us healthcare workers in the covid-19 era
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ede46a1dde9543b0b32057e1b0299779
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Psychiatric symptoms and moral injury among US healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era

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