Distribution and Clonal Diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Other Staphylococci in Surface Waters: Detection of ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 <i>mec</i>C-Positive MRSA Strains
Natural aquatic environments represent one of the most important vehicles of bacterial dissemination. Therefore, we aimed to isolate staphylococci from surface waters and to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors as well as the genetic lineages of all <i&...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/ee0614da25924294823f9c6f79257eb0 |
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| Sumario: | Natural aquatic environments represent one of the most important vehicles of bacterial dissemination. Therefore, we aimed to isolate staphylococci from surface waters and to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors as well as the genetic lineages of all <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates. Staphylococci were recovered from water samples collected from 78 surface waters, including rivers, streams, irrigation ditches, dams, lakes, and fountains. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing and <i>spa</i>-typing were performed in all <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. From the 78 water samples, 33 <i>S. aureus</i>, one <i>S. pseudintermedius,</i> and 51 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified. Among the <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, four MRSA were identified, and all harbored the <i>mec</i>C gene. Fourteen <i>S. aureus</i> were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested and the remaining showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and/or tetracycline encoded by the <i>bla</i>Z, <i>erm</i>T, <i>msr</i>(A/B), <i>tet</i>L, and <i>vga</i>A genes. Regarding the clonal lineages, one <i>mec</i>C-MRSA isolate belonged to <i>spa</i>-type t843 and sequence type (ST) 130 and the other three to t742 and ST425. The remaining <i>S. aureus</i> were ascribed 14 <i>spa</i>-types and 17 sequence types. Eleven species of CoNS were isolated: <i>S. sciuri</i>, <i>S. lentus</i>, <i>S. xylosus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, <i>S. cohnii</i> spp. <i>urealyticus</i>, <i>S. vitulinus</i>, <i>S. caprae, S. carnosus</i> spp. <i>Carnosus</i>, <i>S. equorum</i>, <i>S. simulans</i>, and <i>S. succinus</i>. Thirteen CoNS isolates had a multidrug resistance profile and carried the following genes: <i>mec</i>A, <i>msr</i>(A/B), <i>mph</i>(C), <i>aph</i>(3′)-IIIa, <i>aac</i>(6′)-Ie–<i>aph</i>(2′’)-Ia, <i>dfr</i>A, <i>fus</i>B, <i>cat</i><sub>pC221</sub>, and <i>tet</i>K. A high diversity of staphylococci was isolated from surface waters including <i>mec</i>CMRSA strains and isolates presenting multidrug-resistance profiles. Studies on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci in surface waters are still very scarce but extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of these bacteria. |
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