Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations

Abstract Fishes generate force to swim by activating muscles on either side of their flexible bodies. To accelerate, they must produce higher muscle forces, which leads to higher reaction forces back on their bodies from the environment. If their bodies are too flexible, the forces during accelerati...

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Autores principales: Margot A. B. Schwalbe, Alexandra L. Boden, Tyler N. Wise, Eric D. Tytell
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2019
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/ee70cd8730af4c13b379ca0d92077fdc
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:ee70cd8730af4c13b379ca0d92077fdc2021-12-02T15:09:16ZRed muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations10.1038/s41598-019-44409-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ee70cd8730af4c13b379ca0d92077fdc2019-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44409-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Fishes generate force to swim by activating muscles on either side of their flexible bodies. To accelerate, they must produce higher muscle forces, which leads to higher reaction forces back on their bodies from the environment. If their bodies are too flexible, the forces during acceleration could not be transmitted effectively to the environment, but fish can potentially use their muscles to increase the effective stiffness of their body. Here, we quantified red muscle activity during acceleration and steady swimming, looking for patterns that would be consistent with the hypothesis of body stiffening. We used high-speed video, electromyographic recordings, and a new digital inertial measurement unit to quantify body kinematics, red muscle activity, and 3D orientation and centre of mass acceleration during forward accelerations and steady swimming over several speeds. During acceleration, fish co-activated anterior muscle on the left and right side, and activated all muscle sooner and kept it active for a larger fraction of the tail beat cycle. These activity patterns are both known to increase effective stiffness for muscle tissue in vitro, which is consistent with our hypothesis that fish use their red muscle to stiffen their bodies during acceleration. We suggest that during impulsive movements, flexible organisms like fishes can use their muscles not only to generate propulsive power but to tune the effective mechanical properties of their bodies, increasing performance during rapid movements and maintaining flexibility for slow, steady movements.Margot A. B. SchwalbeAlexandra L. BodenTyler N. WiseEric D. TytellNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Margot A. B. Schwalbe
Alexandra L. Boden
Tyler N. Wise
Eric D. Tytell
Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
description Abstract Fishes generate force to swim by activating muscles on either side of their flexible bodies. To accelerate, they must produce higher muscle forces, which leads to higher reaction forces back on their bodies from the environment. If their bodies are too flexible, the forces during acceleration could not be transmitted effectively to the environment, but fish can potentially use their muscles to increase the effective stiffness of their body. Here, we quantified red muscle activity during acceleration and steady swimming, looking for patterns that would be consistent with the hypothesis of body stiffening. We used high-speed video, electromyographic recordings, and a new digital inertial measurement unit to quantify body kinematics, red muscle activity, and 3D orientation and centre of mass acceleration during forward accelerations and steady swimming over several speeds. During acceleration, fish co-activated anterior muscle on the left and right side, and activated all muscle sooner and kept it active for a larger fraction of the tail beat cycle. These activity patterns are both known to increase effective stiffness for muscle tissue in vitro, which is consistent with our hypothesis that fish use their red muscle to stiffen their bodies during acceleration. We suggest that during impulsive movements, flexible organisms like fishes can use their muscles not only to generate propulsive power but to tune the effective mechanical properties of their bodies, increasing performance during rapid movements and maintaining flexibility for slow, steady movements.
format article
author Margot A. B. Schwalbe
Alexandra L. Boden
Tyler N. Wise
Eric D. Tytell
author_facet Margot A. B. Schwalbe
Alexandra L. Boden
Tyler N. Wise
Eric D. Tytell
author_sort Margot A. B. Schwalbe
title Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
title_short Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
title_full Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
title_fullStr Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
title_full_unstemmed Red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
title_sort red muscle activity in bluegill sunfish lepomis macrochirus during forward accelerations
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2019
url https://doaj.org/article/ee70cd8730af4c13b379ca0d92077fdc
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AT tylernwise redmuscleactivityinbluegillsunfishlepomismacrochirusduringforwardaccelerations
AT ericdtytell redmuscleactivityinbluegillsunfishlepomismacrochirusduringforwardaccelerations
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