Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro

Steven Cranford, Markus J BuehlerCenter for Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAAbstract: Materiomics is an emerging field of science that prov...

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Autores principales:	Steven Cranford, Markus J Buehler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:	Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ee7fa80ad8704eaca4aaab8f812b7798
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ee7fa80ad8704eaca4aaab8f812b77982021-12-02T06:16:10ZMateriomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro1177-8903https://doaj.org/article/ee7fa80ad8704eaca4aaab8f812b77982010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/materiomics-biological-protein-materials-from-nano-to-macro-a5638https://doaj.org/toc/1177-8903Steven Cranford, Markus J BuehlerCenter for Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAAbstract: Materiomics is an emerging field of science that provides a basis for multiscale material system characterization, inspired in part by natural, for example, protein-based materials. Here we outline the scope and explain the motivation of the field of materiomics, as well as demonstrate the benefits of a materiomic approach in the understanding of biological and natural materials as well as in the design of de novo materials. We discuss recent studies that exemplify the impact of materiomics &ndash; discovering Nature&rsquo;s complexity through a materials science approach that merges concepts of material and structure throughout all scales and incorporates feedback loops that facilitate sensing and resulting structural changes at multiple scales. The development and application of materiomics is illustrated for the specific case of protein-based materials, which constitute the building blocks of a variety of biological systems such as tendon, bone, skin, spider silk, cells, and tissue, as well as natural composite material systems (a combination of protein-based and inorganic constituents) such as nacre and mollusk shells, and other natural multiscale systems such as cellulose-based plant and wood materials. An important trait of these materials is that they display distinctive hierarchical structures across multiple scales, where molecular details are exhibited in macroscale mechanical responses. Protein materials are intriguing examples of materials that balance multiple tasks, representing some of the most sustainable material solutions that integrate structure and function despite severe limitations in the quality and quantity of material building blocks. However, up until now, our attempts to analyze and replicate Nature&rsquo;s materials have been hindered by our lack of fundamental understanding of these materials&rsquo; intricate hierarchical structures, scale-bridging mechanisms, and complex material components that bestow protein-based materials their unique properties. Recent advances in analytical tools and experimental methods allow a holistic view of such a hierarchical biological material system. The integration of these approaches and amalgamation of material properties at all scale levels to develop a complete description of a material system falls within the emerging field of materiomics. Materiomics is the result of the convergence of engineering and materials science with experimental and computational biology in the context of natural and synthetic materials. Through materiomics, fundamental advances in our understanding of structure&ndash;property&ndash;process relations of biological systems contribute to the mechanistic understanding of certain diseases and facilitate the development of novel biological, biologically inspired, and completely synthetic materials for applications in medicine (biomaterials), nanotechnology, and engineering.Keywords: biological materials, hierarchies, multiscale, materiomics, deformation, failure, functional material properties, protein, peptide, universality, diversity Steven CranfordMarkus J BuehlerDove Medical PressarticleMedical technologyR855-855.5Chemical technologyTP1-1185ENNanotechnology, Science and Applications, Vol 2010, Iss default, Pp 127-148 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Steven Cranford Markus J Buehler Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
description	Steven Cranford, Markus J BuehlerCenter for Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAAbstract: Materiomics is an emerging field of science that provides a basis for multiscale material system characterization, inspired in part by natural, for example, protein-based materials. Here we outline the scope and explain the motivation of the field of materiomics, as well as demonstrate the benefits of a materiomic approach in the understanding of biological and natural materials as well as in the design of de novo materials. We discuss recent studies that exemplify the impact of materiomics &ndash; discovering Nature&rsquo;s complexity through a materials science approach that merges concepts of material and structure throughout all scales and incorporates feedback loops that facilitate sensing and resulting structural changes at multiple scales. The development and application of materiomics is illustrated for the specific case of protein-based materials, which constitute the building blocks of a variety of biological systems such as tendon, bone, skin, spider silk, cells, and tissue, as well as natural composite material systems (a combination of protein-based and inorganic constituents) such as nacre and mollusk shells, and other natural multiscale systems such as cellulose-based plant and wood materials. An important trait of these materials is that they display distinctive hierarchical structures across multiple scales, where molecular details are exhibited in macroscale mechanical responses. Protein materials are intriguing examples of materials that balance multiple tasks, representing some of the most sustainable material solutions that integrate structure and function despite severe limitations in the quality and quantity of material building blocks. However, up until now, our attempts to analyze and replicate Nature&rsquo;s materials have been hindered by our lack of fundamental understanding of these materials&rsquo; intricate hierarchical structures, scale-bridging mechanisms, and complex material components that bestow protein-based materials their unique properties. Recent advances in analytical tools and experimental methods allow a holistic view of such a hierarchical biological material system. The integration of these approaches and amalgamation of material properties at all scale levels to develop a complete description of a material system falls within the emerging field of materiomics. Materiomics is the result of the convergence of engineering and materials science with experimental and computational biology in the context of natural and synthetic materials. Through materiomics, fundamental advances in our understanding of structure&ndash;property&ndash;process relations of biological systems contribute to the mechanistic understanding of certain diseases and facilitate the development of novel biological, biologically inspired, and completely synthetic materials for applications in medicine (biomaterials), nanotechnology, and engineering.Keywords: biological materials, hierarchies, multiscale, materiomics, deformation, failure, functional material properties, protein, peptide, universality, diversity
format	article
author	Steven Cranford Markus J Buehler
author_facet	Steven Cranford Markus J Buehler
author_sort	Steven Cranford
title	Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
title_short	Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
title_full	Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
title_fullStr	Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
title_full_unstemmed	Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
title_sort	materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/ee7fa80ad8704eaca4aaab8f812b7798
work_keys_str_mv	AT stevencranford materiomicsbiologicalproteinmaterialsfromnanotomacro AT markusjbuehler materiomicsbiologicalproteinmaterialsfromnanotomacro
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Materiomics: biological protein materials, from nano to macro

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