Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes

Developing effective radioactive waste management practices is essential for ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry. The immobilization of radioactive wastes is one of the main activities conducted during the management of these wastes; it aims to produce a durable waste form that has s...

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Autores principales:	Rehab O. Abdel Rahman, Michael I. Ojovan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	radioactive waste evaporator concentrates spent ion exchangers organic liquid wastes conventional cement innovative cement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eea8e730f63949a887c700d5e2e9a9ad
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eea8e730f63949a887c700d5e2e9a9ad2021-11-11T19:39:26ZToward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes10.3390/su1321119922071-1050https://doaj.org/article/eea8e730f63949a887c700d5e2e9a9ad2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11992https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Developing effective radioactive waste management practices is essential for ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry. The immobilization of radioactive wastes is one of the main activities conducted during the management of these wastes; it aims to produce a durable waste form that has sustainable performance over long periods of time. In this work, the challenges that face the design of durable cementitious waste forms are addressed for problematic operational wastes. In this respect, the problematic characteristics of evaporator concentrates, spent ion exchangers, and organic liquid wastes are overviewed, and the factors that affect the durability of their cementitious waste forms are identified. A summary of potential conventional and innovative cementitious matrices is presented by reviewing the cementation practices in national programs and recent research devoted to developing durable matrices. Finally, a guide to optimize the mix design of these waste forms was proposed that includes the selection of the testing procedure, factors that affect the waste form performance, and the optimization technique. This guide was presented with special focus on leaching tests, which are a means to test the stabilization performance of nuclear waste forms.Rehab O. Abdel RahmanMichael I. OjovanMDPI AGarticleradioactive wasteevaporator concentratesspent ion exchangersorganic liquid wastesconventional cementinnovative cementEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11992, p 11992 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	radioactive waste evaporator concentrates spent ion exchangers organic liquid wastes conventional cement innovative cement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	radioactive waste evaporator concentrates spent ion exchangers organic liquid wastes conventional cement innovative cement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Rehab O. Abdel Rahman Michael I. Ojovan Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
description	Developing effective radioactive waste management practices is essential for ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry. The immobilization of radioactive wastes is one of the main activities conducted during the management of these wastes; it aims to produce a durable waste form that has sustainable performance over long periods of time. In this work, the challenges that face the design of durable cementitious waste forms are addressed for problematic operational wastes. In this respect, the problematic characteristics of evaporator concentrates, spent ion exchangers, and organic liquid wastes are overviewed, and the factors that affect the durability of their cementitious waste forms are identified. A summary of potential conventional and innovative cementitious matrices is presented by reviewing the cementation practices in national programs and recent research devoted to developing durable matrices. Finally, a guide to optimize the mix design of these waste forms was proposed that includes the selection of the testing procedure, factors that affect the waste form performance, and the optimization technique. This guide was presented with special focus on leaching tests, which are a means to test the stabilization performance of nuclear waste forms.
format	article
author	Rehab O. Abdel Rahman Michael I. Ojovan
author_facet	Rehab O. Abdel Rahman Michael I. Ojovan
author_sort	Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
title	Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
title_short	Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
title_full	Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
title_fullStr	Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
title_full_unstemmed	Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes
title_sort	toward sustainable cementitious radioactive waste forms: immobilization of problematic operational wastes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eea8e730f63949a887c700d5e2e9a9ad
work_keys_str_mv	AT rehaboabdelrahman towardsustainablecementitiousradioactivewasteformsimmobilizationofproblematicoperationalwastes AT michaeliojovan towardsustainablecementitiousradioactivewasteformsimmobilizationofproblematicoperationalwastes
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Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes

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