Heterologous immune responses in health and disease

Immunological memory and tolerance represent major achievements and advantages of adaptive immunity. Organisms bearing adaptive immunity display prominent competitive advantages in the fight against infections. Memory immune cells are preserved for decades and are able to repel a second attack of an...

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Autor principal:	A. P. Toptygina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2020
Materias:	heterologous immunity cross-reactive t cell t-cell memory viral infections immunopathogenesis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eec002083e7b4eb4aec7eee0bee56628
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eec002083e7b4eb4aec7eee0bee566282021-11-22T07:09:54ZHeterologous immune responses in health and disease2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-HIR-1292https://doaj.org/article/eec002083e7b4eb4aec7eee0bee566282020-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1292https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Immunological memory and tolerance represent major achievements and advantages of adaptive immunity. Organisms bearing adaptive immunity display prominent competitive advantages in the fight against infections. Memory immune cells are preserved for decades and are able to repel a second attack of an infectious agent. However, studies performed in the XXI century have shown that even unrelated pathogens may be quickly and effectively destroyed by memory cells. This type of response is called heterologous so that heterologous immune response is mainly typical to viral infections and other intracellular infections, where T-cells play a lead role in protection. This review will discuss various mechanisms involved in implementing T-cell cross-reactivity, describe molecular prerequisites for heterologous T-cell responses. Experimental evidence of memory T-cell potential to heterologous immune response in mouse models and in human infections are also discussed. Heterologous immune response is an important immune arm in adults and the elderly when the yield of naive cells to the periphery declines due to thymus involution. Along with obvious advantages, heterologous immune response leads to imbalanced memory T-cell repertoire, replacement of immunodominant epitopes with minor ones allowing viruses to evade immune response that results in virus persistence, or, conversely, fulminant infection course. Another threat of heterologous immune response due to switch in dominant repertoire of recognizable epitopes is presented by random self-epitope recognition, which can lead to development of autoimmune pathology. Heterologous immunity can also disrupt drug-induced tolerance in organ and tissue transplants and lead to graft rejection. Heterologous immune response should be taken into consideration while developing and using new vaccines, especially in adults and the elderly.A. P. ToptyginaSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticleheterologous immunitycross-reactive t cellt-cell memoryviral infectionsimmunopathogenesisInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 269-276 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	heterologous immunity cross-reactive t cell t-cell memory viral infections immunopathogenesis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	heterologous immunity cross-reactive t cell t-cell memory viral infections immunopathogenesis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 A. P. Toptygina Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
description	Immunological memory and tolerance represent major achievements and advantages of adaptive immunity. Organisms bearing adaptive immunity display prominent competitive advantages in the fight against infections. Memory immune cells are preserved for decades and are able to repel a second attack of an infectious agent. However, studies performed in the XXI century have shown that even unrelated pathogens may be quickly and effectively destroyed by memory cells. This type of response is called heterologous so that heterologous immune response is mainly typical to viral infections and other intracellular infections, where T-cells play a lead role in protection. This review will discuss various mechanisms involved in implementing T-cell cross-reactivity, describe molecular prerequisites for heterologous T-cell responses. Experimental evidence of memory T-cell potential to heterologous immune response in mouse models and in human infections are also discussed. Heterologous immune response is an important immune arm in adults and the elderly when the yield of naive cells to the periphery declines due to thymus involution. Along with obvious advantages, heterologous immune response leads to imbalanced memory T-cell repertoire, replacement of immunodominant epitopes with minor ones allowing viruses to evade immune response that results in virus persistence, or, conversely, fulminant infection course. Another threat of heterologous immune response due to switch in dominant repertoire of recognizable epitopes is presented by random self-epitope recognition, which can lead to development of autoimmune pathology. Heterologous immunity can also disrupt drug-induced tolerance in organ and tissue transplants and lead to graft rejection. Heterologous immune response should be taken into consideration while developing and using new vaccines, especially in adults and the elderly.
format	article
author	A. P. Toptygina
author_facet	A. P. Toptygina
author_sort	A. P. Toptygina
title	Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
title_short	Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
title_full	Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
title_fullStr	Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
title_full_unstemmed	Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
title_sort	heterologous immune responses in health and disease
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/eec002083e7b4eb4aec7eee0bee56628
work_keys_str_mv	AT aptoptygina heterologousimmuneresponsesinhealthanddisease
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Heterologous immune responses in health and disease

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