Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.

Bacteria associated with the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pathogen of trees and the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) may play a role in the disease. In order to evaluate their role (positive or negative to the tree), strains isolated from the track of nematodes from infected Pinus p...

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Autores principales:	Gabriel Paiva, Diogo Neves Proença, Romeu Francisco, Paula Verissimo, Susana S Santos, Luís Fonseca, Isabel M O Abrantes, Paula V Morais
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eed9856fa40b469091c9cd3f7b383cfb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eed9856fa40b469091c9cd3f7b383cfb2021-11-18T08:47:53ZNematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0079705https://doaj.org/article/eed9856fa40b469091c9cd3f7b383cfb2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24244546/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Bacteria associated with the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pathogen of trees and the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) may play a role in the disease. In order to evaluate their role (positive or negative to the tree), strains isolated from the track of nematodes from infected Pinus pinaster trees were screened, in vitro, for their nematicidal potential. The bacterial products, from strains more active in killing nematodes, were screened in order to identify and characterize the nematicidal agent. Forty-seven strains were tested and, of these, 21 strains showed capacity to produce extracellular products with nematicidal activity. All Burkholderia strains were non-toxic. In contrast, all Serratia strains except one exhibited high toxicity. Nematodes incubated with Serratia strains showed, by SEM observation, deposits of bacteria on the nematode cuticle. The most nematicidal strain, Serratia sp. A88copa13, produced proteases in the supernatant. The use of selective inhibitors revealed that a serine protease with 70 kDa was majorly responsible for the toxicity of the supernatant. This extracellular serine protease is different phylogenetically, in size and biochemically from previously described proteases. Nematicidal assays revealed differences in nematicidal activity of the proteases to different species of Bursaphelenchus, suggesting its usefulness in a primary screen of the nematodes. This study offers the basis for further investigation of PWD and brings new insights on the role bacteria play in the defense of pine trees against B. xylophilus. Understanding all the factors involved is important in order to develop strategies to control B. xylophilus dispersion.Gabriel PaivaDiogo Neves ProençaRomeu FranciscoPaula VerissimoSusana S SantosLuís FonsecaIsabel M O AbrantesPaula V MoraisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e79705 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gabriel Paiva Diogo Neves Proença Romeu Francisco Paula Verissimo Susana S Santos Luís Fonseca Isabel M O Abrantes Paula V Morais Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
description	Bacteria associated with the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pathogen of trees and the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) may play a role in the disease. In order to evaluate their role (positive or negative to the tree), strains isolated from the track of nematodes from infected Pinus pinaster trees were screened, in vitro, for their nematicidal potential. The bacterial products, from strains more active in killing nematodes, were screened in order to identify and characterize the nematicidal agent. Forty-seven strains were tested and, of these, 21 strains showed capacity to produce extracellular products with nematicidal activity. All Burkholderia strains were non-toxic. In contrast, all Serratia strains except one exhibited high toxicity. Nematodes incubated with Serratia strains showed, by SEM observation, deposits of bacteria on the nematode cuticle. The most nematicidal strain, Serratia sp. A88copa13, produced proteases in the supernatant. The use of selective inhibitors revealed that a serine protease with 70 kDa was majorly responsible for the toxicity of the supernatant. This extracellular serine protease is different phylogenetically, in size and biochemically from previously described proteases. Nematicidal assays revealed differences in nematicidal activity of the proteases to different species of Bursaphelenchus, suggesting its usefulness in a primary screen of the nematodes. This study offers the basis for further investigation of PWD and brings new insights on the role bacteria play in the defense of pine trees against B. xylophilus. Understanding all the factors involved is important in order to develop strategies to control B. xylophilus dispersion.
format	article
author	Gabriel Paiva Diogo Neves Proença Romeu Francisco Paula Verissimo Susana S Santos Luís Fonseca Isabel M O Abrantes Paula V Morais
author_facet	Gabriel Paiva Diogo Neves Proença Romeu Francisco Paula Verissimo Susana S Santos Luís Fonseca Isabel M O Abrantes Paula V Morais
author_sort	Gabriel Paiva
title	Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
title_short	Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
title_full	Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
title_fullStr	Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
title_full_unstemmed	Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
title_sort	nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/eed9856fa40b469091c9cd3f7b383cfb
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Nematicidal bacteria associated to pinewood nematode produce extracellular proteases.

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