A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

Abstract A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water–air–piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water–air–turbid water link is successfu...

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Autores principales:	Hai-Han Lu, Chung-Yi Li, Xu-Hong Huang, Poh-Suan Chang, Yu-Ting Chen, Yan-Yu Lin, Chen-Xuan Liu, Ting Ko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/eefd0bc4e42e456bb3b020f925f27c0b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:eefd0bc4e42e456bb3b020f925f27c0b2021-11-08T10:46:37ZA 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link10.1038/s41598-021-01006-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/eefd0bc4e42e456bb3b020f925f27c0b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01006-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water–air–piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water–air–turbid water link is successfully constructed. Incorporating PAM4 modulation with an 8-wavelength WDM scheme greatly increases the total transmission rate of the WDM-PAM4 OWC system to 400 Gb/s (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). By adopting doublet lenses in free-space transmission, a laser beam reducer/expander and a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an angle expander through the water–air–water link, good bit error rate performance and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are obtained. Using a reflective SLM with an angle expander not only adaptively adjusts the laser beam, but also effectively solves the oceanic engineering problems. This demonstrates WDM-PAM4 OWC system outperforms existing OWC systems through the free-space transmission with an air–water–air link because it can solve the practical engineering problems in actual oceanic environments.Hai-Han LuChung-Yi LiXu-Hong HuangPoh-Suan ChangYu-Ting ChenYan-Yu LinChen-Xuan LiuTing KoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hai-Han Lu Chung-Yi Li Xu-Hong Huang Poh-Suan Chang Yu-Ting Chen Yan-Yu Lin Chen-Xuan Liu Ting Ko A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
description	Abstract A 400-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical wireless communication (OWC) system through a 200-m free-space transmission with either an 8.8-m piped water–air–piped water link or a 6.5-m turbid water–air–turbid water link is successfully constructed. Incorporating PAM4 modulation with an 8-wavelength WDM scheme greatly increases the total transmission rate of the WDM-PAM4 OWC system to 400 Gb/s (50 Gb/s/λ × 8 λs). By adopting doublet lenses in free-space transmission, a laser beam reducer/expander and a reflective spatial light modulator (SLM) with an angle expander through the water–air–water link, good bit error rate performance and acceptable PAM4 eye diagrams are obtained. Using a reflective SLM with an angle expander not only adaptively adjusts the laser beam, but also effectively solves the oceanic engineering problems. This demonstrates WDM-PAM4 OWC system outperforms existing OWC systems through the free-space transmission with an air–water–air link because it can solve the practical engineering problems in actual oceanic environments.
format	article
author	Hai-Han Lu Chung-Yi Li Xu-Hong Huang Poh-Suan Chang Yu-Ting Chen Yan-Yu Lin Chen-Xuan Liu Ting Ko
author_facet	Hai-Han Lu Chung-Yi Li Xu-Hong Huang Poh-Suan Chang Yu-Ting Chen Yan-Yu Lin Chen-Xuan Liu Ting Ko
author_sort	Hai-Han Lu
title	A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
title_short	A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
title_full	A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
title_fullStr	A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
title_full_unstemmed	A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
title_sort	400-gb/s wdm-pam4 owc system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/eefd0bc4e42e456bb3b020f925f27c0b
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A 400-Gb/s WDM-PAM4 OWC system through the free-space transmission with a water–air–water link

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