Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes

Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive method to evaluate the physical and cognitive repercussions of long-lasting post-concussion effects in professional combat sports athletes. To help athletes return to professional combat, there is a need for unbiased objective tools and techniqu...

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Autores principales:	Paolo Tiberini, Giuseppe D'Antona, Antonio Cicchella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	brain concussion mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) sway analysis combat sport athletes boxing athletes brain concussion [MeSH] Sports GV557-1198.995
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef2e56594b64455d85ae48bd78fa5e81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef2e56594b64455d85ae48bd78fa5e812021-12-01T16:39:18ZBrain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes2624-936710.3389/fspor.2021.725096https://doaj.org/article/ef2e56594b64455d85ae48bd78fa5e812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.725096/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2624-9367Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive method to evaluate the physical and cognitive repercussions of long-lasting post-concussion effects in professional combat sports athletes. To help athletes return to professional combat, there is a need for unbiased objective tools and techniques used as a prognostic method of recovery after Sport Related Concussion (SRC).Methods: Six mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) athletes, age 20 ÷ 43 yr (1 female, 5 males) and 7 not concussed (NC) participants (amateur), age 24 ÷ 38 yr (3 females, 4 males), were tested Inspired/expired gas concentration, Cerebral changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a 3-step protocol: rest before maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, hypercapnia, and recovery after VO2max test. The brain oxygenation and respiratory parameters of both sample sets were calculated using a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). Aerobic fitness outcome was quantified through mean average using the Bruce test. Participants performed Fitt's test using a laptop and analysis of medio-lateral and anterior-posterior range of oscillation was carried out via a force platform Romberg test.Results: mTBI group showed statistically significant differences in saturated hemoglobin Δ[HbO2] (p < 0.001) during rest and recovery phase after maximal incremental exercise, in medio-lateral sway eyes open (p = 0.008, NC 25.35 ± 4.11 mm and mTBI 17.65 ± 4.79 mm). VO2max revealed no significant differences between the two groups: NC 47.47 ± 4.91 mTBI 49.58 ± 5.19 ml/kg/min−1. The 2 groups didn't differ for maximum power output (NC 220 ± 34, mTBI 255 ± 50 W). End-tidal fractional concentration of O2 (FetO2 NC15.20 ± 0.41, mTBI 16.09 ± 0.68) throughout hypercapnia, saturated blood hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) revealed significant differences with the mTBI group. No differences emerged from Fitt's test.Conclusions: It emerges that NIRS is able to reveal differences in long time outcomes of mTBI. The medio-lateral variations cannot be considered as a marker of long-term damage in athletes specifically trained for balance.Paolo TiberiniGiuseppe D'AntonaGiuseppe D'AntonaAntonio CicchellaFrontiers Media S.A.articlebrain concussionmild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)sway analysiscombat sport athletesboxing athletesbrain concussion [MeSH]SportsGV557-1198.995ENFrontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brain concussion mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) sway analysis combat sport athletes boxing athletes brain concussion [MeSH] Sports GV557-1198.995
spellingShingle	brain concussion mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) sway analysis combat sport athletes boxing athletes brain concussion [MeSH] Sports GV557-1198.995 Paolo Tiberini Giuseppe D'Antona Giuseppe D'Antona Antonio Cicchella Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
description	Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of a non-invasive method to evaluate the physical and cognitive repercussions of long-lasting post-concussion effects in professional combat sports athletes. To help athletes return to professional combat, there is a need for unbiased objective tools and techniques used as a prognostic method of recovery after Sport Related Concussion (SRC).Methods: Six mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) athletes, age 20 ÷ 43 yr (1 female, 5 males) and 7 not concussed (NC) participants (amateur), age 24 ÷ 38 yr (3 females, 4 males), were tested Inspired/expired gas concentration, Cerebral changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a 3-step protocol: rest before maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, hypercapnia, and recovery after VO2max test. The brain oxygenation and respiratory parameters of both sample sets were calculated using a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U test). Aerobic fitness outcome was quantified through mean average using the Bruce test. Participants performed Fitt's test using a laptop and analysis of medio-lateral and anterior-posterior range of oscillation was carried out via a force platform Romberg test.Results: mTBI group showed statistically significant differences in saturated hemoglobin Δ[HbO2] (p < 0.001) during rest and recovery phase after maximal incremental exercise, in medio-lateral sway eyes open (p = 0.008, NC 25.35 ± 4.11 mm and mTBI 17.65 ± 4.79 mm). VO2max revealed no significant differences between the two groups: NC 47.47 ± 4.91 mTBI 49.58 ± 5.19 ml/kg/min−1. The 2 groups didn't differ for maximum power output (NC 220 ± 34, mTBI 255 ± 50 W). End-tidal fractional concentration of O2 (FetO2 NC15.20 ± 0.41, mTBI 16.09 ± 0.68) throughout hypercapnia, saturated blood hemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]) revealed significant differences with the mTBI group. No differences emerged from Fitt's test.Conclusions: It emerges that NIRS is able to reveal differences in long time outcomes of mTBI. The medio-lateral variations cannot be considered as a marker of long-term damage in athletes specifically trained for balance.
format	article
author	Paolo Tiberini Giuseppe D'Antona Giuseppe D'Antona Antonio Cicchella
author_facet	Paolo Tiberini Giuseppe D'Antona Giuseppe D'Antona Antonio Cicchella
author_sort	Paolo Tiberini
title	Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
title_short	Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
title_full	Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
title_fullStr	Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
title_full_unstemmed	Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes
title_sort	brain oxygenation in post-concussion combat sport athletes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef2e56594b64455d85ae48bd78fa5e81
work_keys_str_mv	AT paolotiberini brainoxygenationinpostconcussioncombatsportathletes AT giuseppedantona brainoxygenationinpostconcussioncombatsportathletes AT giuseppedantona brainoxygenationinpostconcussioncombatsportathletes AT antoniocicchella brainoxygenationinpostconcussioncombatsportathletes
_version_	1718404787496550400

Brain Oxygenation in Post-concussion Combat Sport Athletes

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