Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs

The pathogenicity of dry conidia and fungal suspensions of 16 entomopathogenic fungal isolates (10 Metarhizium anisopliae and six Beauveria bassiana) was evaluated against adults and second instar nymphs of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum respectively. All the tested isolates were...

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Autores principales:	Vongai M. Paradza, Fathiya M. Khamis, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Sevgan Subramanian, Komivi S. Akutse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Trialeurodes vaporariorum Entomopathogenic fungus Conidia acquisition and retention Inoculum transmission Vegetable oil formulations Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef300444bb304b38a361fde417ad63bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef300444bb304b38a361fde417ad63bc2021-12-02T05:02:23ZVirulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs2405-844010.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08277https://doaj.org/article/ef300444bb304b38a361fde417ad63bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402102380Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440The pathogenicity of dry conidia and fungal suspensions of 16 entomopathogenic fungal isolates (10 Metarhizium anisopliae and six Beauveria bassiana) was evaluated against adults and second instar nymphs of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic to T. vaporariorum and caused mortality of 45–93% against the adults and 24–89% against the nymphs. However, M. anisopliae strains showed higher virulence to both developmental stages as compared to B. bassiana strains. The three most virulent isolates that caused high mortalities in adults were M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, with cumulative mortalities of 82, 91 and 93%, and median lethal times (LT50) of 5.20, 5.05 and 4.78 days, respectively. These isolates were further assessed for spore acquisition and retention by the adult insects at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure to dry conidia spores. There was no significant difference among isolates on their acquisition by the insects, although the effect of time on the number of spores retained by each insect was significant. For M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, spore number was significantly higher immediately after exposure at 0 h than at 24, 48 and 72 h, whereas for M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, the spore number remained constant for all the days. The infected “donor” insects were able to horizontally transmit the acquired spores to uninfected “recipient” insects causing high mortality rates in both donor and recipient groups. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 7, ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 62 were the most virulent isolates against the nymphs in aqueous formulation during the first screening with >80% mortality. However, in 2% (v/v) oil formulations at 1 × 108 conidia/ml, canola formulated ICIPE 62, ICIPE 18 and olive formulated ICIPE 18 were the most effective, resulting in 87.8, 88.1 and 99.4% nymphal mortalities respectively and with lower LT50. Oil formulations significantly enhanced the efficacy and virulence of the isolates against the nymphs compared to aqueous formulations.Vongai M. ParadzaFathiya M. KhamisAbdullahi A. YusufSevgan SubramanianKomivi S. AkutseElsevierarticleTrialeurodes vaporariorumEntomopathogenic fungusConidia acquisition and retentionInoculum transmissionVegetable oil formulationsScience (General)Q1-390Social sciences (General)H1-99ENHeliyon, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp e08277- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Trialeurodes vaporariorum Entomopathogenic fungus Conidia acquisition and retention Inoculum transmission Vegetable oil formulations Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Trialeurodes vaporariorum Entomopathogenic fungus Conidia acquisition and retention Inoculum transmission Vegetable oil formulations Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Vongai M. Paradza Fathiya M. Khamis Abdullahi A. Yusuf Sevgan Subramanian Komivi S. Akutse Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
description	The pathogenicity of dry conidia and fungal suspensions of 16 entomopathogenic fungal isolates (10 Metarhizium anisopliae and six Beauveria bassiana) was evaluated against adults and second instar nymphs of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic to T. vaporariorum and caused mortality of 45–93% against the adults and 24–89% against the nymphs. However, M. anisopliae strains showed higher virulence to both developmental stages as compared to B. bassiana strains. The three most virulent isolates that caused high mortalities in adults were M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, with cumulative mortalities of 82, 91 and 93%, and median lethal times (LT50) of 5.20, 5.05 and 4.78 days, respectively. These isolates were further assessed for spore acquisition and retention by the adult insects at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure to dry conidia spores. There was no significant difference among isolates on their acquisition by the insects, although the effect of time on the number of spores retained by each insect was significant. For M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 and ICIPE 69, spore number was significantly higher immediately after exposure at 0 h than at 24, 48 and 72 h, whereas for M. anisopliae ICIPE 18, the spore number remained constant for all the days. The infected “donor” insects were able to horizontally transmit the acquired spores to uninfected “recipient” insects causing high mortality rates in both donor and recipient groups. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 7, ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 62 were the most virulent isolates against the nymphs in aqueous formulation during the first screening with >80% mortality. However, in 2% (v/v) oil formulations at 1 × 108 conidia/ml, canola formulated ICIPE 62, ICIPE 18 and olive formulated ICIPE 18 were the most effective, resulting in 87.8, 88.1 and 99.4% nymphal mortalities respectively and with lower LT50. Oil formulations significantly enhanced the efficacy and virulence of the isolates against the nymphs compared to aqueous formulations.
format	article
author	Vongai M. Paradza Fathiya M. Khamis Abdullahi A. Yusuf Sevgan Subramanian Komivi S. Akutse
author_facet	Vongai M. Paradza Fathiya M. Khamis Abdullahi A. Yusuf Sevgan Subramanian Komivi S. Akutse
author_sort	Vongai M. Paradza
title	Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
title_short	Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
title_full	Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
title_fullStr	Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
title_full_unstemmed	Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
title_sort	virulence and horizontal transmission of metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef300444bb304b38a361fde417ad63bc
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Virulence and horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae by the adults of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the efficacy of oil formulations against its nymphs

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