MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets

miRNAs have recently attracted investigators’ interest as regulators of valvular diseases pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutical targets. Evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrated stimulatory or inhibitory roles in mitral valve prolapse development, aortic leaflet fusio...

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Autores principales:	Francesco Nappi, Adelaide Iervolino, Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh, Massimo Chello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	miRNAs valvular heart diseases aortic stenosis calcification mitral valve prolapse aortic valve defect Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef30a6bdbad649569154d28abbd9c795
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef30a6bdbad649569154d28abbd9c7952021-11-25T17:53:42ZMicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets10.3390/ijms2222121321422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/ef30a6bdbad649569154d28abbd9c7952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12132https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067miRNAs have recently attracted investigators’ interest as regulators of valvular diseases pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutical targets. Evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrated stimulatory or inhibitory roles in mitral valve prolapse development, aortic leaflet fusion, and calcification pathways, specifically osteoblastic differentiation and transcription factors modulation. Tissue expression assessment and comparison between physiological and pathological phenotypes of different disease entities, including mitral valve prolapse and mitral chordae tendineae rupture, emerged as the best strategies to address miRNAs over or under-representation and thus, their impact on pathogeneses. In this review, we discuss the fundamental intra- and intercellular signals regulated by miRNAs leading to defects in mitral and aortic valves, congenital heart diseases, and the possible therapeutic strategies targeting them. These miRNAs inhibitors are comprised of antisense oligonucleotides and sponge vectors. The miRNA mimics, miRNA expression vectors, and small molecules are instead possible practical strategies to increase specific miRNA activity. Advantages and technical limitations of these new drugs, including instability and complex pharmacokinetics, are also presented. Novel delivery strategies, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are described to improve knowledge on future personalized treatment directions.Francesco NappiAdelaide IervolinoSanjeet Singh Avtaar SinghMassimo ChelloMDPI AGarticlemiRNAsvalvular heart diseasesaortic stenosiscalcificationmitral valve prolapseaortic valve defectBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12132, p 12132 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	miRNAs valvular heart diseases aortic stenosis calcification mitral valve prolapse aortic valve defect Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	miRNAs valvular heart diseases aortic stenosis calcification mitral valve prolapse aortic valve defect Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Francesco Nappi Adelaide Iervolino Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh Massimo Chello MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
description	miRNAs have recently attracted investigators’ interest as regulators of valvular diseases pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutical targets. Evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrated stimulatory or inhibitory roles in mitral valve prolapse development, aortic leaflet fusion, and calcification pathways, specifically osteoblastic differentiation and transcription factors modulation. Tissue expression assessment and comparison between physiological and pathological phenotypes of different disease entities, including mitral valve prolapse and mitral chordae tendineae rupture, emerged as the best strategies to address miRNAs over or under-representation and thus, their impact on pathogeneses. In this review, we discuss the fundamental intra- and intercellular signals regulated by miRNAs leading to defects in mitral and aortic valves, congenital heart diseases, and the possible therapeutic strategies targeting them. These miRNAs inhibitors are comprised of antisense oligonucleotides and sponge vectors. The miRNA mimics, miRNA expression vectors, and small molecules are instead possible practical strategies to increase specific miRNA activity. Advantages and technical limitations of these new drugs, including instability and complex pharmacokinetics, are also presented. Novel delivery strategies, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are described to improve knowledge on future personalized treatment directions.
format	article
author	Francesco Nappi Adelaide Iervolino Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh Massimo Chello
author_facet	Francesco Nappi Adelaide Iervolino Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh Massimo Chello
author_sort	Francesco Nappi
title	MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
title_short	MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
title_full	MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
title_fullStr	MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
title_full_unstemmed	MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets
title_sort	micrornas in valvular heart diseases: biological regulators, prognostic markers and therapeutical targets
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef30a6bdbad649569154d28abbd9c795
work_keys_str_mv	AT francesconappi micrornasinvalvularheartdiseasesbiologicalregulatorsprognosticmarkersandtherapeuticaltargets AT adelaideiervolino micrornasinvalvularheartdiseasesbiologicalregulatorsprognosticmarkersandtherapeuticaltargets AT sanjeetsinghavtaarsingh micrornasinvalvularheartdiseasesbiologicalregulatorsprognosticmarkersandtherapeuticaltargets AT massimochello micrornasinvalvularheartdiseasesbiologicalregulatorsprognosticmarkersandtherapeuticaltargets
_version_	1718411897009602560

MicroRNAs in Valvular Heart Diseases: Biological Regulators, Prognostic Markers and Therapeutical Targets

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