Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to <em>Plasmodium malariae</em&...

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Autores principales:	Jessica Pulvirenti, Maurizio Musso, Teresa Fasciana, Antonio Cascio, Maria Rita Tricoli, Natascia Oliveri, Maria Favarò, Orazia Diquattro, Anna Giammanco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	malaria blood transfusion blood donor screening <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> transfusion-transmitted malaria thrombocytopenia Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef30b4333c3541498229651d3c1149ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef30b4333c3541498229651d3c1149ae2021-11-25T17:46:14ZTransfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily10.3390/healthcare91115582227-9032https://doaj.org/article/ef30b4333c3541498229651d3c1149ae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/11/1558https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to <em>Plasmodium malariae</em>, which happened in a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastropathy.<strong> </strong>Case presentation: In April 2019, a 70-year-old Italian man with recurrent spiking fever for four days was diagnosed with a <em>P. malariae</em> infection, as confirmed using microscopy and real-time PCR. The patient had never been abroad, but about two months before, he had received a red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Regarding the donor, we revealed that they were a missionary priest who often went to tropical regions. <em>Plasmodium </em>spp. PCR was also used on donor blood to confirm the causal link. Discussion and Conclusions: The donations of asymptomatic blood donors who are predominantly “semi-immune” with very low parasitic loads are an issue. The main problem is related to transfusion-transmitted malaria. Our case suggests that <em>P. malariae</em> infections in semi-immune asymptomatic donors are a threat to transfusion safety. Currently, microscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria but has limited sensitivity to detect low levels of parasitemia. Screening using serological tests and molecular tests, combined with the donor’s questionnaire, should be used to reduce the cases of TTM.Jessica PulvirentiMaurizio MussoTeresa FascianaAntonio CascioMaria Rita TricoliNatascia OliveriMaria FavaròOrazia DiquattroAnna GiammancoMDPI AGarticlemalariablood transfusionblood donor screening<i>Plasmodium malariae</i>transfusion-transmitted malariathrombocytopeniaMedicineRENHealthcare, Vol 9, Iss 1558, p 1558 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	malaria blood transfusion blood donor screening <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> transfusion-transmitted malaria thrombocytopenia Medicine R
spellingShingle	malaria blood transfusion blood donor screening <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> transfusion-transmitted malaria thrombocytopenia Medicine R Jessica Pulvirenti Maurizio Musso Teresa Fasciana Antonio Cascio Maria Rita Tricoli Natascia Oliveri Maria Favarò Orazia Diquattro Anna Giammanco Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
description	Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to <em>Plasmodium malariae</em>, which happened in a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastropathy.<strong> </strong>Case presentation: In April 2019, a 70-year-old Italian man with recurrent spiking fever for four days was diagnosed with a <em>P. malariae</em> infection, as confirmed using microscopy and real-time PCR. The patient had never been abroad, but about two months before, he had received a red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Regarding the donor, we revealed that they were a missionary priest who often went to tropical regions. <em>Plasmodium </em>spp. PCR was also used on donor blood to confirm the causal link. Discussion and Conclusions: The donations of asymptomatic blood donors who are predominantly “semi-immune” with very low parasitic loads are an issue. The main problem is related to transfusion-transmitted malaria. Our case suggests that <em>P. malariae</em> infections in semi-immune asymptomatic donors are a threat to transfusion safety. Currently, microscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria but has limited sensitivity to detect low levels of parasitemia. Screening using serological tests and molecular tests, combined with the donor’s questionnaire, should be used to reduce the cases of TTM.
format	article
author	Jessica Pulvirenti Maurizio Musso Teresa Fasciana Antonio Cascio Maria Rita Tricoli Natascia Oliveri Maria Favarò Orazia Diquattro Anna Giammanco
author_facet	Jessica Pulvirenti Maurizio Musso Teresa Fasciana Antonio Cascio Maria Rita Tricoli Natascia Oliveri Maria Favarò Orazia Diquattro Anna Giammanco
author_sort	Jessica Pulvirenti
title	Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
title_short	Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
title_full	Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
title_fullStr	Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
title_full_unstemmed	Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily
title_sort	transfusion-transmitted malaria of <i>plasmodium malariae</i> in palermo, sicily
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef30b4333c3541498229651d3c1149ae
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Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> in Palermo, Sicily

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