Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages which creates significant therapeutic challenges. As a result, the 5-year survival rate is low. Within ovarian cancer, significant tumor heterogeneity exists, and the tumor microenvironment is diverse. Tumor heterogeneity leads...

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Autores principales:	Madison Pereira, Kathy Matuszewska, Colin Jamieson, Jim Petrik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	ovarian cancer hypoxia tumor microenvironment endocrine cancer immunotherapy Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef36c2a4f82442c6839a11c27f7ad561
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef36c2a4f82442c6839a11c27f7ad5612021-11-17T06:06:46ZCharacterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.772349https://doaj.org/article/ef36c2a4f82442c6839a11c27f7ad5612021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.772349/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages which creates significant therapeutic challenges. As a result, the 5-year survival rate is low. Within ovarian cancer, significant tumor heterogeneity exists, and the tumor microenvironment is diverse. Tumor heterogeneity leads to diversity in therapy response within the tumor, which can lead to resistance or recurrence. Advancements in therapy development and tumor profiling have initiated a shift from a “one-size-fits-all” approach towards precision patient-based therapies. Here, we review aspects of ovarian tumor heterogeneity that facilitate tumorigenesis and contribute to treatment failure. These tumor characteristics should be considered when designing novel therapies or characterizing mechanisms of treatment resistance. Individual patients vary considerably in terms of age, fertility and contraceptive use which innately affects the endocrine milieu in the ovary. Similarly, individual tumors differ significantly in their immune profile, which can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies. Tumor size, presence of malignant ascites and vascular density further alters the tumor microenvironment, creating areas of significant hypoxia that is notorious for increasing tumorigenesis, resistance to standard of care therapies and promoting stemness and metastases. We further expand on strategies aimed at improving oxygenation status in tumors to dampen downstream effects of hypoxia and set the stage for better response to therapy.Madison PereiraKathy MatuszewskaColin JamiesonJim PetrikFrontiers Media S.A.articleovarian cancerhypoxiatumor microenvironmentendocrine cancerimmunotherapyDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ovarian cancer hypoxia tumor microenvironment endocrine cancer immunotherapy Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	ovarian cancer hypoxia tumor microenvironment endocrine cancer immunotherapy Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Madison Pereira Kathy Matuszewska Colin Jamieson Jim Petrik Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
description	Epithelial ovarian cancer is predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages which creates significant therapeutic challenges. As a result, the 5-year survival rate is low. Within ovarian cancer, significant tumor heterogeneity exists, and the tumor microenvironment is diverse. Tumor heterogeneity leads to diversity in therapy response within the tumor, which can lead to resistance or recurrence. Advancements in therapy development and tumor profiling have initiated a shift from a “one-size-fits-all” approach towards precision patient-based therapies. Here, we review aspects of ovarian tumor heterogeneity that facilitate tumorigenesis and contribute to treatment failure. These tumor characteristics should be considered when designing novel therapies or characterizing mechanisms of treatment resistance. Individual patients vary considerably in terms of age, fertility and contraceptive use which innately affects the endocrine milieu in the ovary. Similarly, individual tumors differ significantly in their immune profile, which can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies. Tumor size, presence of malignant ascites and vascular density further alters the tumor microenvironment, creating areas of significant hypoxia that is notorious for increasing tumorigenesis, resistance to standard of care therapies and promoting stemness and metastases. We further expand on strategies aimed at improving oxygenation status in tumors to dampen downstream effects of hypoxia and set the stage for better response to therapy.
format	article
author	Madison Pereira Kathy Matuszewska Colin Jamieson Jim Petrik
author_facet	Madison Pereira Kathy Matuszewska Colin Jamieson Jim Petrik
author_sort	Madison Pereira
title	Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
title_short	Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
title_full	Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
title_fullStr	Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
title_sort	characterizing endocrine status, tumor hypoxia and immunogenicity for therapy success in epithelial ovarian cancer
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef36c2a4f82442c6839a11c27f7ad561
work_keys_str_mv	AT madisonpereira characterizingendocrinestatustumorhypoxiaandimmunogenicityfortherapysuccessinepithelialovariancancer AT kathymatuszewska characterizingendocrinestatustumorhypoxiaandimmunogenicityfortherapysuccessinepithelialovariancancer AT colinjamieson characterizingendocrinestatustumorhypoxiaandimmunogenicityfortherapysuccessinepithelialovariancancer AT jimpetrik characterizingendocrinestatustumorhypoxiaandimmunogenicityfortherapysuccessinepithelialovariancancer
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Characterizing Endocrine Status, Tumor Hypoxia and Immunogenicity for Therapy Success in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

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