HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system

Abstract Despite the effectiveness of combined anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected-patients frequently report diarrhea and neuropsychological deficits. It is claimed that the viral HIV-1 Trans activating factor (HIV-1 Tat) protein is responsible for both diarrhea and...

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Autores principales:	Giuseppe Esposito, Elena Capoccia, Stefano Gigli, Marcella Pesce, Eugenia Bruzzese, Alessandra D’Alessandro, Carla Cirillo, Alessandro di Cerbo, Rosario Cuomo, Luisa Seguella, Luca Steardo, Giovanni Sarnelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef3f63e812a64878862bb823f8d8a26e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef3f63e812a64878862bb823f8d8a26e2021-12-02T16:07:59ZHIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system10.1038/s41598-017-05245-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ef3f63e812a64878862bb823f8d8a26e2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05245-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Despite the effectiveness of combined anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected-patients frequently report diarrhea and neuropsychological deficits. It is claimed that the viral HIV-1 Trans activating factor (HIV-1 Tat) protein is responsible for both diarrhea and neurotoxic effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that colonic application of HIV-1 Tat activates glial cells of the enteric nervous system (EGCs), leading to a neuroinflammatory response able to propagate to the central nervous system. We demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea was associated with a significant activation of glial cells within the colonic wall, the spinal cord and the frontal cortex, and caused a consistent impairment of the cognitive performances. The inhibition of glial cells activity by lidocaine, completely abolished the above-described effects. These observations point out the role of glial cells as putative effectors in HIV-1 Tat-associated gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations and key regulators of gut-brain signaling.Giuseppe EspositoElena CapocciaStefano GigliMarcella PesceEugenia BruzzeseAlessandra D’AlessandroCarla CirilloAlessandro di CerboRosario CuomoLuisa SeguellaLuca SteardoGiovanni SarnelliNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Giuseppe Esposito Elena Capoccia Stefano Gigli Marcella Pesce Eugenia Bruzzese Alessandra D’Alessandro Carla Cirillo Alessandro di Cerbo Rosario Cuomo Luisa Seguella Luca Steardo Giovanni Sarnelli HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
description	Abstract Despite the effectiveness of combined anti-retroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected-patients frequently report diarrhea and neuropsychological deficits. It is claimed that the viral HIV-1 Trans activating factor (HIV-1 Tat) protein is responsible for both diarrhea and neurotoxic effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. We hypothesize that colonic application of HIV-1 Tat activates glial cells of the enteric nervous system (EGCs), leading to a neuroinflammatory response able to propagate to the central nervous system. We demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea was associated with a significant activation of glial cells within the colonic wall, the spinal cord and the frontal cortex, and caused a consistent impairment of the cognitive performances. The inhibition of glial cells activity by lidocaine, completely abolished the above-described effects. These observations point out the role of glial cells as putative effectors in HIV-1 Tat-associated gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations and key regulators of gut-brain signaling.
format	article
author	Giuseppe Esposito Elena Capoccia Stefano Gigli Marcella Pesce Eugenia Bruzzese Alessandra D’Alessandro Carla Cirillo Alessandro di Cerbo Rosario Cuomo Luisa Seguella Luca Steardo Giovanni Sarnelli
author_facet	Giuseppe Esposito Elena Capoccia Stefano Gigli Marcella Pesce Eugenia Bruzzese Alessandra D’Alessandro Carla Cirillo Alessandro di Cerbo Rosario Cuomo Luisa Seguella Luca Steardo Giovanni Sarnelli
author_sort	Giuseppe Esposito
title	HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
title_short	HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
title_full	HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
title_fullStr	HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
title_full_unstemmed	HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
title_sort	hiv-1 tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef3f63e812a64878862bb823f8d8a26e
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HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea evokes an enteric glia-dependent neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system

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