Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva

Abstract The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjun...

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Autores principales:	Nora Siegal, Michal Gutowski, Lakshmi Akileswaran, Norman J. Beauchamp, Lien-Chieh Ding, Christopher B. Chambers, Russell N. Van Gelder
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef4b017729614293bbd7e38c7d4622d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef4b017729614293bbd7e38c7d4622d32021-12-02T18:47:01ZElevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ef4b017729614293bbd7e38c7d4622d32021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance.Nora SiegalMichal GutowskiLakshmi AkileswaranNorman J. BeauchampLien-Chieh DingChristopher B. ChambersRussell N. Van GelderNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nora Siegal Michal Gutowski Lakshmi Akileswaran Norman J. Beauchamp Lien-Chieh Ding Christopher B. Chambers Russell N. Van Gelder Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
description	Abstract The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance.
format	article
author	Nora Siegal Michal Gutowski Lakshmi Akileswaran Norman J. Beauchamp Lien-Chieh Ding Christopher B. Chambers Russell N. Van Gelder
author_facet	Nora Siegal Michal Gutowski Lakshmi Akileswaran Norman J. Beauchamp Lien-Chieh Ding Christopher B. Chambers Russell N. Van Gelder
author_sort	Nora Siegal
title	Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_short	Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_full	Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_fullStr	Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_full_unstemmed	Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_sort	elevated levels of merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef4b017729614293bbd7e38c7d4622d3
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Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva

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