The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels

Abstract The electric eel is a unique species that has evolved three electric organs. Since the 1950s, electric eels have generally been assumed to use these three organs to generate two forms of electric organ discharge (EOD): high-voltage EOD for predation and defense and low-voltage EOD for elect...

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Autores principales:	Jun Xu, Xiang Cui, Huiyuan Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef69705869e7464da8fa001447ce3d6b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef69705869e7464da8fa001447ce3d6b2021-12-02T16:31:11ZThe third form electric organ discharge of electric eels10.1038/s41598-021-85715-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ef69705869e7464da8fa001447ce3d6b2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85715-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The electric eel is a unique species that has evolved three electric organs. Since the 1950s, electric eels have generally been assumed to use these three organs to generate two forms of electric organ discharge (EOD): high-voltage EOD for predation and defense and low-voltage EOD for electrolocation and communication. However, why electric eels evolved three electric organs to generate two forms of EOD and how these three organs work together to generate these two forms of EOD have not been clear until now. Here, we present the third form of independent EOD of electric eels: middle-voltage EOD. We suggest that every form of EOD is generated by one electric organ independently and reveal the typical discharge order of the three electric organs. We also discuss hybrid EODs, which are combinations of these three independent EODs. This new finding indicates that the electric eel discharge behavior and physiology and the evolutionary purpose of the three electric organs are more complex than previously assumed. The purpose of the middle-voltage EOD still requires clarification.Jun XuXiang CuiHuiyuan ZhangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jun Xu Xiang Cui Huiyuan Zhang The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
description	Abstract The electric eel is a unique species that has evolved three electric organs. Since the 1950s, electric eels have generally been assumed to use these three organs to generate two forms of electric organ discharge (EOD): high-voltage EOD for predation and defense and low-voltage EOD for electrolocation and communication. However, why electric eels evolved three electric organs to generate two forms of EOD and how these three organs work together to generate these two forms of EOD have not been clear until now. Here, we present the third form of independent EOD of electric eels: middle-voltage EOD. We suggest that every form of EOD is generated by one electric organ independently and reveal the typical discharge order of the three electric organs. We also discuss hybrid EODs, which are combinations of these three independent EODs. This new finding indicates that the electric eel discharge behavior and physiology and the evolutionary purpose of the three electric organs are more complex than previously assumed. The purpose of the middle-voltage EOD still requires clarification.
format	article
author	Jun Xu Xiang Cui Huiyuan Zhang
author_facet	Jun Xu Xiang Cui Huiyuan Zhang
author_sort	Jun Xu
title	The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
title_short	The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
title_full	The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
title_fullStr	The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
title_full_unstemmed	The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
title_sort	third form electric organ discharge of electric eels
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef69705869e7464da8fa001447ce3d6b
work_keys_str_mv	AT junxu thethirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels AT xiangcui thethirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels AT huiyuanzhang thethirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels AT junxu thirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels AT xiangcui thirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels AT huiyuanzhang thirdformelectricorgandischargeofelectriceels
_version_	1718383907640967168

The third form electric organ discharge of electric eels

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