The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes

Abstract In fine warm weather, the daytime convective atmosphere over land areas is full of small migrant insects, among them serious pests (e.g. some species of aphid), but also many beneficial species (e.g. natural enemies of pests). For many years intensive aerial trapping studies were the only w...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte E. Wainwright, Phillip M. Stepanian, Don R. Reynolds, Andy M. Reynolds
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef89cc35b3204b74b863e6d4557e76e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef89cc35b3204b74b863e6d4557e76e22021-12-02T16:06:34ZThe movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes10.1038/s41598-017-04503-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ef89cc35b3204b74b863e6d4557e76e22017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04503-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In fine warm weather, the daytime convective atmosphere over land areas is full of small migrant insects, among them serious pests (e.g. some species of aphid), but also many beneficial species (e.g. natural enemies of pests). For many years intensive aerial trapping studies were the only way of determining the density profiles of these small insects, and for taxon-specific studies trapping is still necessary. However, if we wish to determine generic behavioural responses to air movements shown by small day-migrating insects as a whole, the combination of millimetre-wavelength ‘cloud radars’ and Doppler lidar now provides virtually ideal instrumentation. Here we examine the net vertical velocities of > 1 million insect targets, relative to the vertical motion of the air in which they are flying, as a succession of fair-weather convective cells pass over the recording site in Oklahoma, USA. The resulting velocity measurements are interpreted in terms of the flight behaviours of small insects. These behaviours are accounted for by a newly-developed Lagrangian stochastic model of weakly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic characterisations of small insect aerial density profiles. We thereby link patterns to processes.Charlotte E. WainwrightPhillip M. StepanianDon R. ReynoldsAndy M. ReynoldsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charlotte E. Wainwright Phillip M. Stepanian Don R. Reynolds Andy M. Reynolds The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
description	Abstract In fine warm weather, the daytime convective atmosphere over land areas is full of small migrant insects, among them serious pests (e.g. some species of aphid), but also many beneficial species (e.g. natural enemies of pests). For many years intensive aerial trapping studies were the only way of determining the density profiles of these small insects, and for taxon-specific studies trapping is still necessary. However, if we wish to determine generic behavioural responses to air movements shown by small day-migrating insects as a whole, the combination of millimetre-wavelength ‘cloud radars’ and Doppler lidar now provides virtually ideal instrumentation. Here we examine the net vertical velocities of > 1 million insect targets, relative to the vertical motion of the air in which they are flying, as a succession of fair-weather convective cells pass over the recording site in Oklahoma, USA. The resulting velocity measurements are interpreted in terms of the flight behaviours of small insects. These behaviours are accounted for by a newly-developed Lagrangian stochastic model of weakly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic characterisations of small insect aerial density profiles. We thereby link patterns to processes.
format	article
author	Charlotte E. Wainwright Phillip M. Stepanian Don R. Reynolds Andy M. Reynolds
author_facet	Charlotte E. Wainwright Phillip M. Stepanian Don R. Reynolds Andy M. Reynolds
author_sort	Charlotte E. Wainwright
title	The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
title_short	The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
title_full	The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
title_fullStr	The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
title_full_unstemmed	The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
title_sort	movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef89cc35b3204b74b863e6d4557e76e2
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The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes

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