Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles

Identifying the state of an ecosystem and any changes in its state can help in detecting critical ecosystem transitions and formulating adaptive measures to reduce losses of ecosystem services. Such efforts are important for regional sustainability. In this study, we propose a new perspective by ide...

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Autores principales:	Jia Bi, Ruifang Hao, Jun Li, Jianmin Qiao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	State variables Landscape pattern Fluctuating range Critical transitions Early warning Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ef8a169cc1444eadbae8c8c685ce6cf3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ef8a169cc1444eadbae8c8c685ce6cf32021-12-01T05:00:32ZIdentifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108195https://doaj.org/article/ef8a169cc1444eadbae8c8c685ce6cf32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21008608https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XIdentifying the state of an ecosystem and any changes in its state can help in detecting critical ecosystem transitions and formulating adaptive measures to reduce losses of ecosystem services. Such efforts are important for regional sustainability. In this study, we propose a new perspective by identifying grassland ecosystem states as patterns of ecosystem service bundles. The total annual provisioning of five key grassland ecosystem services in Xilin Gol, including net primary productivity, soil conservation, soil erosion by wind, water yield, and water retention, was estimated from 2001 to 2014. The ecosystem service bundle in each pixel was represented by the ecosystem services, which accounted for 75% of the total ecosystem services after the values of the five ecosystem services for that pixel were ranked in descending order. Then, we selected the four main ecosystem service bundles that covered 99% of the area of Xilin Gol and analyzed their patterns, characterized by landscape indices, from 2001 to 2014. Finally, the influences of precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, and vegetation coverage on the patterns of ecosystem service bundles were explored through stepwise regression. The results showed that vegetation coverage greatly affected the patterns of ecosystem service bundles and promoted the shape complexity and diversity of the bundle patches. The main factors affecting bundle diversity were precipitation in meadow steppes, vegetation coverage and temperature in typical steppes, and temperature in desert steppes. Moreover, the ranges of the landscape indices mean patch size and area-weighted mean fractal dimension fluctuated greatly in ecosystems with lower stability. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that patterns in ecosystem service bundles can reflect ecosystem states and indicated that changes in ecosystem service bundle patterns can be used as early warnings of critical transitions in ecosystems.Jia BiRuifang HaoJun LiJianmin QiaoElsevierarticleState variablesLandscape patternFluctuating rangeCritical transitionsEarly warningEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 131, Iss , Pp 108195- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	State variables Landscape pattern Fluctuating range Critical transitions Early warning Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	State variables Landscape pattern Fluctuating range Critical transitions Early warning Ecology QH540-549.5 Jia Bi Ruifang Hao Jun Li Jianmin Qiao Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
description	Identifying the state of an ecosystem and any changes in its state can help in detecting critical ecosystem transitions and formulating adaptive measures to reduce losses of ecosystem services. Such efforts are important for regional sustainability. In this study, we propose a new perspective by identifying grassland ecosystem states as patterns of ecosystem service bundles. The total annual provisioning of five key grassland ecosystem services in Xilin Gol, including net primary productivity, soil conservation, soil erosion by wind, water yield, and water retention, was estimated from 2001 to 2014. The ecosystem service bundle in each pixel was represented by the ecosystem services, which accounted for 75% of the total ecosystem services after the values of the five ecosystem services for that pixel were ranked in descending order. Then, we selected the four main ecosystem service bundles that covered 99% of the area of Xilin Gol and analyzed their patterns, characterized by landscape indices, from 2001 to 2014. Finally, the influences of precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, and vegetation coverage on the patterns of ecosystem service bundles were explored through stepwise regression. The results showed that vegetation coverage greatly affected the patterns of ecosystem service bundles and promoted the shape complexity and diversity of the bundle patches. The main factors affecting bundle diversity were precipitation in meadow steppes, vegetation coverage and temperature in typical steppes, and temperature in desert steppes. Moreover, the ranges of the landscape indices mean patch size and area-weighted mean fractal dimension fluctuated greatly in ecosystems with lower stability. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis that patterns in ecosystem service bundles can reflect ecosystem states and indicated that changes in ecosystem service bundle patterns can be used as early warnings of critical transitions in ecosystems.
format	article
author	Jia Bi Ruifang Hao Jun Li Jianmin Qiao
author_facet	Jia Bi Ruifang Hao Jun Li Jianmin Qiao
author_sort	Jia Bi
title	Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
title_short	Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
title_full	Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
title_fullStr	Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
title_full_unstemmed	Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
title_sort	identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ef8a169cc1444eadbae8c8c685ce6cf3
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiabi identifyingecosystemstateswithpatternsofecosystemservicebundles AT ruifanghao identifyingecosystemstateswithpatternsofecosystemservicebundles AT junli identifyingecosystemstateswithpatternsofecosystemservicebundles AT jianminqiao identifyingecosystemstateswithpatternsofecosystemservicebundles
_version_	1718405638664486912

Identifying ecosystem states with patterns of ecosystem service bundles

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