Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria

ABSTRACT Male circumcision reduces female-to-male HIV transmission. Hypothesized mechanisms for this protective effect include decreased HIV target cell recruitment and activation due to changes in the penis microbiome. We compared the coronal sulcus microbiota of men from a group of uncircumcised c...

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Autores principales:	Cindy M. Liu, Bruce A. Hungate, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David Serwadda, Jacques Ravel, Richard Lester, Godfrey Kigozi, Maliha Aziz, Ronald M. Galiwango, Fred Nalugoda, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Maria J. Wawer, Paul Keim, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/efa0f2052dd74e19b5758284919d6888
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:efa0f2052dd74e19b5758284919d68882021-11-15T15:40:29ZMale Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria10.1128/mBio.00076-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/efa0f2052dd74e19b5758284919d68882013-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00076-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Male circumcision reduces female-to-male HIV transmission. Hypothesized mechanisms for this protective effect include decreased HIV target cell recruitment and activation due to changes in the penis microbiome. We compared the coronal sulcus microbiota of men from a group of uncircumcised controls (n = 77) and from a circumcised intervention group (n = 79) at enrollment and year 1 follow-up in a randomized circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda. We characterized microbiota using16S rRNA gene-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and pyrosequencing, log response ratio (LRR), Bayesian classification, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA). At baseline, men in both study arms had comparable coronal sulcus microbiota; however, by year 1, circumcision decreased the total bacterial load and reduced microbiota biodiversity. Specifically, the prevalence and absolute abundance of 12 anaerobic bacterial taxa decreased significantly in the circumcised men. While aerobic bacterial taxa also increased postcircumcision, these gains were minor. The reduction in anaerobes may partly account for the effects of circumcision on reduced HIV acquisition. IMPORTANCE The bacterial changes identified in this study may play an important role in the HIV risk reduction conferred by male circumcision. Decreasing the load of specific anaerobes could reduce HIV target cell recruitment to the foreskin. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the benefits of male circumcision could help to identify new intervention strategies for decreasing HIV transmission, applicable to populations with high HIV prevalence where male circumcision is culturally less acceptable.Cindy M. LiuBruce A. HungateAaron A. R. TobianDavid SerwaddaJacques RavelRichard LesterGodfrey KigoziMaliha AzizRonald M. GaliwangoFred NalugodaTania L. Contente-CuomoMaria J. WawerPaul KeimRonald H. GrayLance B. PriceAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Cindy M. Liu Bruce A. Hungate Aaron A. R. Tobian David Serwadda Jacques Ravel Richard Lester Godfrey Kigozi Maliha Aziz Ronald M. Galiwango Fred Nalugoda Tania L. Contente-Cuomo Maria J. Wawer Paul Keim Ronald H. Gray Lance B. Price Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
description	ABSTRACT Male circumcision reduces female-to-male HIV transmission. Hypothesized mechanisms for this protective effect include decreased HIV target cell recruitment and activation due to changes in the penis microbiome. We compared the coronal sulcus microbiota of men from a group of uncircumcised controls (n = 77) and from a circumcised intervention group (n = 79) at enrollment and year 1 follow-up in a randomized circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda. We characterized microbiota using16S rRNA gene-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and pyrosequencing, log response ratio (LRR), Bayesian classification, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA). At baseline, men in both study arms had comparable coronal sulcus microbiota; however, by year 1, circumcision decreased the total bacterial load and reduced microbiota biodiversity. Specifically, the prevalence and absolute abundance of 12 anaerobic bacterial taxa decreased significantly in the circumcised men. While aerobic bacterial taxa also increased postcircumcision, these gains were minor. The reduction in anaerobes may partly account for the effects of circumcision on reduced HIV acquisition. IMPORTANCE The bacterial changes identified in this study may play an important role in the HIV risk reduction conferred by male circumcision. Decreasing the load of specific anaerobes could reduce HIV target cell recruitment to the foreskin. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the benefits of male circumcision could help to identify new intervention strategies for decreasing HIV transmission, applicable to populations with high HIV prevalence where male circumcision is culturally less acceptable.
format	article
author	Cindy M. Liu Bruce A. Hungate Aaron A. R. Tobian David Serwadda Jacques Ravel Richard Lester Godfrey Kigozi Maliha Aziz Ronald M. Galiwango Fred Nalugoda Tania L. Contente-Cuomo Maria J. Wawer Paul Keim Ronald H. Gray Lance B. Price
author_facet	Cindy M. Liu Bruce A. Hungate Aaron A. R. Tobian David Serwadda Jacques Ravel Richard Lester Godfrey Kigozi Maliha Aziz Ronald M. Galiwango Fred Nalugoda Tania L. Contente-Cuomo Maria J. Wawer Paul Keim Ronald H. Gray Lance B. Price
author_sort	Cindy M. Liu
title	Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
title_short	Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
title_full	Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
title_fullStr	Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed	Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria
title_sort	male circumcision significantly reduces prevalence and load of genital anaerobic bacteria
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/efa0f2052dd74e19b5758284919d6888
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Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence and Load of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria

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